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Literary Analysis with Template
Writing in the Humanities ENG 112 
Assignment Snapshot: 
Mode: Literary Analysis Essay
Research Requirements: 
Relevant short story assigned to you – “The Nightingale” by Hans Christian Andersen
Formatting and Citation Style:
MLA 9 Format—1” margins, Times New Roman 12 Point Font, Double Spaced, Before/After spacing at 0, Heading and Headers, In-text citation, and Works Cited Page 
Length:
3+ pages (equals essay content on page 4)
Complete draft can be reviewed by the English Studio prior to the due date and it should be submitted in Moodle
FAQ – Does the reference page count as one of the 3 pages? 
Can I use long quotes?
No 
Do not use long quotes
For this assignment, you will read an assigned short story and write a thesis-based essay that provides an in-depth analysis of the work.  
Thesis:
Your thesis statement should specifically argue how a specific technique used by the author (such as symbolism, setting, narration, plot, or character) contributes to the meaning of the work as a whole. Do not use ethos, logos or pathos as a device for this paper. Choose from the list of literary devices.
Keep in mind that the thesis should be specific, arguable, worthwhile, and have three reasons in the plan of development.
Thesis Templates:
In specific work, author uses strategy or device to purpose of the work or theme…(plan of development).
Through the use of strategy, character, or idea, author achieves purpose or reveals theme…(plan of development).
NOTE: 
This essay is not a summary or an overview of the story like you might find on Shmoop or an NC Live article titled “Overview.” While those kinds of sources explicate everything about a text, your essay is going to narrowly focus on a specific aspect(s) of the work, and you will back that main point up with EVIDENCE from the work!  DO NOT GOOGLE ANYTHING ABOUT YOUR STORY!!! This should be YOUR interpretation! 
The works cited page will contain the story you are analyzing.
The following template may be used.  This content says “book,” but you are aware the reading is a “short story.”

As you learned in this unit, a Rogerian argument is one that presents two sides of a debate and argues for a solution that will satisfy both sides. Given the two articles linked below that present opposing sides of an issue (mandatory uniforms in schools vs. some kind of ‘dress code’), construct your own 2-3 page Rogerian argument essay in which you attempt to arrive at a concrete, workable solution or “middle ground.”
The essay should contain the following components:
❒ 1. An introduction that accurately presents both sources (i.e., author, title, year of publication, and their relative position in the debate), as well as your middle ground thesis statement.
❒ 2. A body paragraph that summarizes the pro-uniform rationales. (Both articles can be used, but focus on Anderson).
❒ 3. A body paragraph that summarizes the anti-uniform/pro-dress code rationales. (Both articles can be used, but focus on Deane).
❒ 4. A body paragraph that critically compares and contrasts both sides of the debate.
❒ 5. A conclusion that further develops your proposed middle-ground solution and demonstrates how it satisfies both sides of the debate.
Article 1: “School Dress Codes and Uniforms Policies”
Article 2: “Dressing Diversity: Politics of Difference and the Case of School Uniforms”
Sample Touchstone
In order to foster learning and growth, all work you submit must be newly written specifically for this course. Any plagiarized or recycled work will result in a Plagiarism Detected alert. Review Touchstones: Academic Integrity Guidelines for more about plagiarism and the Plagiarism Detected alert. For guidance on the use of generative AI technology, review Ethical Standards and Appropriate Use of AI.
A. Assignment Guidelines
DIRECTIONS: Refer to the list below throughout the writing process. Do not submit your Touchstone until it meets these guidelines. Refer to the Sample Touchstone for additional guidance on structure, formatting, and citation.
1. Introduction
❒ Have you briefly and accurately introduced the author, title, and publication context (year, journal, etc.) of Article 1?
❒ Have you briefly and accurately introduced the author, title, and publication context (year, journal, etc.) of Article 2?
❒ Have you ended the introduction with a thesis statement/claim that presents a clear, workable solution that could be viewed as a “middle ground” between the two sides?
2. Body Paragraphs
❒ Have you included a summary of the pro-uniform stances in the first body paragraph (including accurate page-numbered citations)?
❒ Have you included a summary of the anti-uniform stances in the second body paragraph (including accurate page-numbered citations)?
❒ Have you included at least three direct quotations, supplementing them with your own explanation of their relevance?
❒ Have you adequately compared and contrasted both sides of the debate (with cited examples from the articles) in the third body paragraph?
3. Conclusion
❒ Does your expanded claim address both sides of the issue, including specific points raised in the articles?
❒ Have you backed up your claim using cited facts from both sides of the argument?
4. Reflection
❒ Have you answered all reflection questions including specific and concrete examples that provide thoughtful insight in all responses?
❒ Are your answers included on a separate page below the main assignment?
B. Reflection
DIRECTIONS: Below your assignment, include answers to all of the following reflection questions.
How does the Rogerian model of argument help you better understand the topic that’s being discussed? Why is it a good practice to acknowledge both sides of the argument? (3-4 sentences)
How might the Rogerian approach help you gain insight into your own argumentative essay? (2-3 sentences) The following requirements must be met for your submission to be graded:
Composition must be 2-3 pages (approximately 500-750 words).
Double-space the composition and use one-inch margins.
Use a readable 12-point font.
All writing must be appropriate for an academic context.
Composition must be original and written for this assignment.
Use of generative chatbot artificial intelligence tools (ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard) in place of original writing is strictly prohibited for this assignment.
Plagiarism of any kind is strictly prohibited.
Submission must include your name, the name of the course, the date, and the title of your composition.
Include all of the assignment components in a single file.
Acceptable file formats include .doc and .docx.
E. Additional Resources
The following resources will be helpful to you as you work on this assignment:
Purdue Online Writing Lab’s APA Formatting and Style Guide
This site includes a comprehensive overview of APA style, as well as individual pages with guidelines for specific citation types.
Frequently Asked Questions About APA Style
This page on the official APA website addresses common questions related to APA formatting. The “References,” “Punctuation,” and “Grammar and Writing Style” sections will be the most useful to your work in this course.
APA Style: Quick Answers—References
This page on the official APA Style website provides numerous examples of reference list formatting for various source types.

Learning Objectives 
Compose a Rogerian Argument Essay maintaining a formal, academic tone.
Select an adequate topic for a Rogerian Argument Essay.
Use research that is appropriate and adequate to support one’s claims in an essay
Evaluate the logic of and rhetorical devices used in the arguments of others.
Evaluate the central idea, and support provided for that idea, in the writings of others.
Distinguish factual statements from judgmental statements and knowledge from opinion.
Evaluate claims and arguments for validity and reliability.
Appraise the work of peers based on a rubric or set of specified criteria.
Introduction: Rogerian Argument Essay 
When most of us think of argument, we think about winners of arguments and losers of arguments. Arguments, even sometimes academic arguments, can be strong and forceful. An Aristotelian or classical argument is a strong, “this is my assertion and here’s why I am right” kind of argument. But that kind of argument isn’t going to work in all situations. When your audience is a really difficult one in the sense that you know your audience isn’t going to completely agree with your side of the issue, it can be a good idea to try to find a middle ground. The Rogerian argument finds that middle ground.
Based on the work of psychologist Carl RogersLinks to an external site. a Rogerian argument focuses on finding a middle ground between the author and the audience. This type of argument can be extremely persuasive and can help you, as a writer, understand your own biases and how you might work to find common ground with others.
Here is a summary of the basic strategy for a Rogerian argument:
In your essay, first, introduce the problem.
Acknowledge the other side before you present your side of the issue. This may take several paragraphs.
Next, you should carefully present your side of the issue in a way that does not dismiss the other side. This may also take several paragraphs.
You should then work to bring the two sides together. Help your audience see the benefits of the middle ground. Make your proposal for the middle ground here, and be sure to use an even, respectful tone. This should be a key focus of your essay and may take several paragraphs.
Finally, in your conclusion, remind your audience of the balanced perspective you have presented and make it clear how both sides benefit when they meet in the middle.
Assignment
In our professional readings thus far, we have explored a variety of ethical issues, some of which have (hopefully) been important to you. For this assignment, I would like you to choose an ethical issue that you have discovered in your readings in this class so far, either in the assigned essays or in those you have read from The Best American Essays collection. Therefore, your first source must be from one of the class readings. 
Next, you will develop two different perspectives about this ethical issue, find common ground between these two views and take a position that carefully considers both sides of the issue. See the Rogerian Argument introduction above and the Textbook Readings on Rogerian Argument for more guidance on this essay’s rhetorical methods. 
To develop your position, you will need two (2) additional credible sources that explore this ethical issue (from the library databases)
For inspiration and ideas, review the readings in the class so far, including those from The Best American Essays collections. 
You will also be required to use the outline template below for this essay. 
Choosing a Topic
I recommend choosing an ethical issue that you have some kind of connection with. Then, create an open-ended question that can be explored in a Rogerian argument that examines more than one answer. Some example questions from the readings (including the corresponding authors) include: 
How has a historical and contemporary lack of LGBTQ+ acceptance impacted the mental health of this community? (Sedaris)  
What should be the limits of invention in creative nonfiction? (Sedaris)  
Why are King’s radical methods of achieving a diverse, egalitarian society still relevant today? (King)
Who should be responsible for helping people living in poverty? (Hardin)  
To what extent is the acceptance of diverse languages crucial for an ethical society? (Anzaldua) 
Throughout your essay, please:
Use several specific examples (brief summaries, paraphrases and quotes) from your chosen texts to develop the key ideas for someone who hasn’t read them. 
Use objective, unbiased language to present both sides of the argument
Explain each example for your reader and use your critical voice to support your points. You may also include your own specific, detailed examples from experience. 
Use signal phrases (Orwell) and vigorous verbs (claims, argues, disagrees, describes) to indicate authorial action. 
Use transitional expressions and the repetition of key ideas to connect all the parts of your essay. 
Readings
Argument & Critical Thinking Textbook Selections:
Rogerian Argument, Rogerian Infographic, Sample Rogerian Argument, Using Evidence, Argument & Audience, Rhetorical Analysis, Pre-Writing, MLA Documentation 
Professional Essays Thus Far
Orwell, “Shooting an Elephant”
Emerson, “Circles”
Sedaris, “A Plague of Tics” & “I like Guys” (audio) 
Cardel et. al. “The Ethics of Laugher: David Sedaris and Humor Memoir” 
Eighner, “On Dumpster Diving” 
Anzaldua, “How to Tame a Wild Tongue” 
Lopez, “The Invitation” 
King, “Letter from Birmingham Jail”
Sanford “Which water technology will save California from its long, dry death?”
DeSipio, “Demanding Equal Political Voice…The Quest For Latino Political Inclusion  
Hardin, “Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor
Your choice: Selections from The Best American Essays 2016 or 2017 (from the Library Databases) 
Use This Outline Template (Required): 
Accessible HTML: Rogerian Argument Outline: 
Rogerian Argument Outline
Keep in mind that each part may contain multiple paragraphs
Part I.: Introduction
Hook: A concrete piece of evidence that presents the problem (anecdote, fact, statistic, quotation from an expert, etc.) 
State the problem you hope to resolve and briefly summarize the opposing (or alternative) views.
Briefly explain the positive change you would like to see about the issue. 
Thesis statement that objectively presents two sides of the issue, and a position that takes a middle ground position (a compromise), or at least presents the opposition without biased language (2-3 sentences) 
Part II. First View (differs from, or is mostly different, from your own)
Transition from Thesis:
Examine the key points that support one side of the issue. Acknowledge that this viewpoint has merit within certain contexts. Educate the reader and verify that you understand this view correctly.
Specific evidence that supports this perspective (including your own experiences or observations):
Explain and analyze how the evidence supports this perspective
Part III.: Second View (your view or most resembling your view)
Transition from First View:
Examine the points that support an alternative (opposing) position. This is your current position. Explain the key evidence which supports the reasons you have for choosing this stance, while maintaining neutrality. 
Specific evidence that supports your position (including your own experiences or observations):
Explain and analyze how the evidence supports this perspective:
Part IV.: Common Ground
Transition from Your View:
Examine the points that support common
Specific evidence that supports common ground (including your own experiences or observations):
Explain and analyze how the evidence supports this perspective:
Part V: Conclusion: 
Present a concise summary of the strongest points of both sides of the argument. Craft a resolution that takes the best from both sides (compromise), shows the weaknesses from the opposing (or alternative) view(s), takes a (perhaps new) position and shows the strengths of this perspective.
Example Rogerian Essays (Found attached 
below)
Sample Rogerian Essay: The Ethics of Meat
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Sample Rogerian Essay: California Water Crisis 
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Sample Rogerian Essay: Indoor vs. Outdoor People 
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Requirements/Points:
MLA format, In-Text citations, 3+ sources (1 course essay), Works Cited, 1200-1500 words, 150 points