Author: admin

Watch two videos(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1z0ULvg_pW8; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LIzTo6e4FgY )and explain in your own words the differences between the HUB, Switch, and Router through the collision, collision domain, broadcast domain, and operation layer of the OSI model. make sure to include outside sources to support your discussion. Please ensure that you cite your sources. Using the exact words of the authors in your research will not be accepted. Please paraphrase into your own words. (300 words)
Reply to the below discussion in your own words, no need out source.(100 words each)
1.Internet devices known as hubs, switches, and routers each play a specific role in networking at their respective level. Most of the time, these devices are integrated into a single device, making it prone to be mistaken that they carry out the same responsibilities. This post will discuss how each of them is different from the others in terms of various domains and the OSI model.
The first devices we are going to discuss are hubs, which belong to the Physical layer (or layer 1) of the OSI model. They forward data retrieved from the upper layers without knowing any information about where to send the data such as hardware (MAC) or logical (IP) addresses. To prevent collisions, hubs operate in a half-duplex manner, which allows each host to either transmit or receive data, but not both. This makes hubs belong to the same collision domain, defined as a physical segment of the network where collisions may occur. They also belong to only one broadcast domain, which is the logical segment of the network instructing how far the data can be transmitted. (Aaron, 2014)
Going one layer up we encounter switches, which reside in the Data Link layer (or layer 2) of the OSI model, determining the MAC address to where they need to send the data frame. They utilize the frame headers and their MAC address tables to identify the target MAC address when forwarding the frame they received from the upper layer. Switches can operate in full-duplex, and each port on a switch belongs to its own collision domain, resulting in multiple collision domains and fewer collisions. Still, however, switches belong to only one broadcast domain, just like the hubs do. This makes switches not suitable for large and scalable networks since they have no mechanism to differentiate between networks. (Aaron, 2014)
Further going one more layer up, we finally meet the last Internet device we would like to discuss – the routers. Located in the Network layer (or layer 3) of the OSI model, they are responsible for forwarding packets from one network to another. This characteristic of routers requires them to be the only Internet devices among hubs and switches that can belong to more than one broadcast domain. In addition, like switches, routers can create multiple collision domains resulting in fewer collisions since each interface on a router belongs to its own collision domain. Similar to switches each of which has MAC address tables to decide the target MAC address, each router uses a routing table to decide the next hop router and perform forwarding decisions. (Aaron, 2014)
Below is a summary of the differences between hubs, switches, and routers. Each resides in a different OSI model starting from the lowest layer and up. Hubs belong to the Physical layer, switches to the Data Link layer, and routers to the Network layer. Hubs belong to only one collision domain and one broadcast domain, whereas routers can belong to multiple collision and broadcast domains. Switches, on the other hand, can belong to multiple collision domains, but only one broadcast domain.
2.
After this week’s reading, I have a better understanding of the breakdowns of networking devices, IP addresses, and protocols. Here is a short summary of the differences between hub, switch, and router in terms of their performance in the areas mentioned in the prompt based on my understanding. 
Hub: It’s a layer 1 device on the ISO since it has no intelligence. All devices connected to the hub share the same collision domain and it doesn’t separate the broadcast domain. It has a very high potential for collision because a signal from one port will be propagated to all – when two devices are sending signals at the same time collision happens. 
Switch: Switch recognizes the incoming and receiving MAC addresses which significantly reduces the chance for collision. Each port on the switch is considered as its own collision domain. It’s a layer 2 device on the ISO dealing with MAC addresses. Broadcast is still shared by all the ports.
Router: Router is a layer 3 device on the ISO dealing with IP addresses. I don’t think routers deal with collisions since they are on a higher layer. Each interface on a router is one collision domain. The broadcast domain is defined by each local network (Comer, D. E., 2018).