Category: Biology

Describe FIVE different ways that antibodies help our bodies fight diseases.
search the web to find information. Your paper must be in the English language, around two pages long and 1.5 spacing, in Times New Roman, and font 12. References should be on the 3rd page.  Do not plagrise, paper will be detected by AI Turnitin Detector. 

This assignment is on the  Northern Cardinal “Cardinalis cardinalis”. I have attached instructions as well as the template and sample template. If you can’t use the template, I will transfer it later. Thank you. 

For the fourth module, we delved into an important biological concept known as the cell cycle, which comprises both mitosis and meiosis. These processes are crucial to the survival and reproduction of organisms, and understanding them will help us appreciate how life continues and evolves.
In the process of mitosis, cells divide to generate new cells, playing a pivotal role in growth, repair, and general maintenance of an organism. When a cell or tissue in the body is damaged, cellular division, primarily mitosis, kicks in. It works to replace the damaged cells with new healthy cells, thus facilitating the repair of tissues and ensuring the continuity of functions within the organism.
On the other hand, meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that produces gametes, specifically sperm and egg cells. These cells are vital for sexual reproduction as they carry half of the genetic material required to form a new individual. By undergoing meiosis, cells are able to halve their chromosome number, ensuring that when the sperm and egg combine during fertilization, the resulting offspring has the correct number of chromosomes.
Now, for the assignment, I’d like you to reflect and articulate the similarities and differences between these two fundamental processes. In your own words, consider factors such as the purpose of each process, the number of daughter cells produced, and the genetic composition of the resulting cells. This exercise will not only help you consolidate your understanding of mitosis and meiosis but also hone your comparative analysis skills. Keep in mind, while they share some common stages and features, there are key differences that underpin their respective roles in an organism’s life cycle.
Remember, there’s no right or wrong answer here. We’re interested in your unique perspective and the understanding you’ve gathered from our study of the cell cycle in Unit 4.

This is a research investigation, and the claim chosen is ‘Human genome editing can prevent future health issues’ (which is given by the tasksheet), and the research question is ‘Does CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology have the potential to treat sickle cell disease?’ (which was written by me)

If a small group leaves its population and moves to another location, what kind of speciation is that? Allopatric, sympatric or parapatric?

Introduction: In Project 6 you made an active observation at a natural area, a zoo, or an aquarium. For Project 7, build on the outline you developed using the data you collected for Project 6 (your notes on the organisms identified and your research about these organisms) to write an organized report.
Directions: Write an organized report (essay format) on each organism you studied. You may organize it by ecological role (producers, herbivores, carnivores), major organism type (algae, fungi, grasses, herbs, insects, mammals, birds), or any other logical, systematic theme you choose.
1. Identify and focus on at least four organisms that interest you.
2. Classify each organism ecologically.
3. Respond to the following questions (if applicable), for EACH organism:
What part does it play in the community? Is it a producer, herbivore, carnivore, top carnivore, reducer, or decomposer? Where does it get its nutrients? What eats it?
About how many were there? Mention distribution patterns (clumps or close grouping vs. more evenly scattered individuals) and interactions (mutualism, parasitism, predation, etc.).
Notice adaptations such as protective coloration (camouflage), means by which plant seeds are transported, interesting behaviors, etc.
What is its effect, if any, on man (pollen and hay fever, termites and wooden houses, “weeds” and pastures)? What effect has man had on this organism (climate change, habitat loss, pollution, etc.)?
4. Include scientific and common names: Use both scientific and common names to refer to organisms. Scientific names generally consist of the Latin genus and species name of the organism. The genus name is always capitalized, while the species name is never capitalized. The names must also be in italics or underlined. (For example, the scientific name for humans is Homo sapien.) You may find these names in identification guides from the library or on the Internet.
5. Citations: Be sure to list the references and guides used to identify organisms and provide further information for your report.
6. Report length: This report should consist of a 500-word (minimum) write up on EACH of the four organisms.

This is my final project for my biology class. All the requirements and materials are in the file I uploaded. Basically, I have to choose a topic discussed in class and write an article about it (in article format, not essay format). There are many different article templates and you can choose any one. I have already chosen the topic and it is also in the uploaded file.

There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them individually, numbered 1 -4. Complete all with thorough, substantive responses. Citations are required for all responses. APA STYLE Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients.
Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique.
Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process.

Your final term project is a unique opportunity to delve into the fascinating world of genetics and create a fact sheet that is both informative and accessible to a non-scientific audience. You will choose a genetic disease or condition and develop a two-page fact sheet styled like a pamphlet or informational guide. (The disease I chose is sickle-cell disease). 
The goal of this project is to communicate complex genetic information in a way that is engaging, visually appealing, and understandable to someone without a scientific background. Your fact sheet should include the molecular basis of the chosen disease, its symptoms, public health issues, screening, prevention, treatment, and potential future advancements in its treatment.
Project Guidelines:
Content: Your fact sheet must include the following sections:
Introduction to the disease or condition.
Molecular basis and genetics.
Symptoms and diagnosis.
Prevention, treatment, and public health considerations.
Future prospects and technological advancements.
Design: While design creativity is encouraged, consider the following best practices:
Use clear headings and subheadings.
Include visuals like diagrams, charts, or images if applicable (with proper citations).
Balance text with white space for readability.
Utilize a consistent color scheme and typography.
Format: The fact sheet should be submitted in PDF format, created using accessible tools like Microsoft Word or PowerPoint. Templates are available online for creating visually appealing fact sheet.
Citations: Include proper references for all sources and visuals used. Cites ≥ 5 articles; ≥ 2 peer-reviewed.
Length: The fact sheet should be 2 pages in length.
Grading Rubric:
Your project will be graded based on the following criteria:
Content Accuracy and Completeness: 40%
Design and Visual Appeal: 30%
Relevance to Target Audience: 20%
Citations and References: 10%
We will be running your fact sheet through Copyleaks Plagiarism checker. It is important that you write using your own original words. All references should be properly cited in the footer of your second page (8-10 point font) or alternatively on a third page.

There are two steps to this
assignment: 
Step 1: Choose one Neurodevelopmental
Disorder (from either Intellectual Disability or ADHD), and two Neurocognitive
Disorders (from the following: Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s or Traumatic
Brain Injury or Vascular Dementia). You will need to choose three disorders
in total. These must be disorders listed with full diagnostic
criteria in the DSM-5 (see Unit Resources for link to the DSM-5
online). 
**YOU CAN REVIEW THE COURSE HANDOUTS WHICH ARE ATTACHED WITH THE ORDER*
Step 2:  Make a table for each of these three
disorders (i.e., three tables in total), with the following six column
headings in each table: 
a. Diagnostic Symptomatology (i.e., the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, distinguishing between those
criteria that must be present for a diagnosis, those
that may be present for a diagnosis, and how many are
needed). Diagnostic criteria from the DSM-5 are not included in your
word count. You may paraphrase this section or use the same wording as the
DSM-5. Other sections cannot be copied directly.
b. Associated Features (i.e., other observable features that might be seen in this
disorder): Use DSM-5 Manual and research articles to address this
section. 
c. Prevalence (gender, age, any other
factors that may influence prevalence): Please include prevalence
data of USA, Europe and Australia. This is mandatory for you to get full marks
for this section.  
d. Major genetic factors (i.e., any genetic factors that have been shown in the research
literature to predispose someone to this disorder): Please
include the discussions on genetic factors as well as possible candidate genes
involved in each of these disorders. Only use relevant peer reviewed articles
to address this section. 
e. Major environmental factors that may predispose someone to this disorder. Only
use relevant peer reviewed articles to address this section. 
f. Principal neurobiological pathways through which the disorder may manifest itself (i.e., SNS,
receptors, changes to function in specific brain regions, etc): Please
discuss the human brain areas involved in these disorders from fMRI and EEG
studies as well as key neurotransmitters that are thought to be responsible for
these disorders. Only use relevant peer reviewed
published articles to address this section.