Category: Biology

SEE THE ATTACHED WORD DOCUMENT AND PLEASE ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS. MAKRE SURE YOU DO NOT SKIP ANY.

Please post your answers directly on the discussion board, do not upload files. Images should be embedded on the post (click here for instructions to embed images on a postLinks to an external site.). Questions for group discussion:
Draw the cell on the right (note that the letters indicate the gene and alleles present in each chromosome, show those letters on every drawing) as it goes from the G1 phase, to the S phase, G2 and then every phase in meiosis. Indicate the main things that happen to its chromosomes at each stage (label: sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, Meiosis I, Meiosis II, identify which cells are haploid and which are diploid). Draw it in paper and upload a photo or scan, post it as an image not as a file to the discussion post (use the image icon to upload).
Based on the diagram you drew above: A) Which events are unique to meiosis. B) The main purpose of sexual reproduction is to produce genetic variation in the offspring. Explain at least 3 ways in which meiosis promotes genetic variation. C) Explain which events in meiosis are responsible for the principle on segregation and which events are responsible for the principle of independent assortment.
Given what you have learned about the principle of independent assortment and how meiosis induces variation in the genetic composition of gametes, discuss the following: Some plants can reproduce asexually (by mitosis they produce structures that can break apart from the parent plant and sprout as an independent plant with the same genetic composition as the parent plant) and sexually (by meiosis, ultimately producing male and female gametes). However, many plants can do self-fertilization (male and female gametes from the same parent plant fertilize to form a zygote). Do you think that the offspring created through self-fertilization are genetic clones of the parent, just as it occurs during asexual reproduction? Explain your choice.
A) When predicting the phenotype of the offspring from a dihybrid cross, why is it so important that each gene is located in a different chromosome? B) You crossed a tall plant that produces purple flowers with a short plant that also produces purple flowers. Assume tall and purple flower are dominant traits. The 2165 offspring were: 100% tall plants, ¾ of the plants produced purple flowers and the remaining 1/4 of the plants produced white flowers. What were the possible genotypes of the parents?
For the pedigree on the right, individuals affected with the genetic condition are indicated by the shaded symbols. A) Based on this pedigree, what type of inheritance does this genetic condition have (dominant, recessive, sex-linked)? Explain. B) What is the genotype of the parents? C) What makes an allele dominant or recessive? Mendel was very lucky to study traits that follow simple hereditary rules. We now know that there are multiple factors that can interfere with the expected Mendelian ratios. A) Explain 3 genetic mechanisms that can prevent Mendel’s results from being observed and B) give an example of each.
How to post images. Here are some instructions on how to upload images on Canvas:
https://lakeland.instructure.com/courses/1186804/pages/how-to-embed-an-image-in-a-discussion-post?module_item_id=13207174
Additional Practice (Optional – not required)
Problems Involving One Gene
In cats, long hair is recessive to short hair. A true-breeding (homozygous) short-haired male is mated to a long-haired female. What will their kittens look like?
Two cats are mated. One of the parent cats is long-haired (recessive allele). The litter which results contains two short-haired and three long-haired kittens. What does the second parent look like, and what is its genotype?
And Mr. Smith both have widow’s peaks (dominant). Their first child also has a widow’s peak, but their second child doesn’t. Mr. Smith accuses Mrs. Smith of being unfaithful to him. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not? Work the genetics problem predicting the frequencies of the versions of this trait among their prospective children.
and Mrs. Jones have six children. Three of them have attached earlobes (recessive) like their father, and the other three have free earlobes like their mother. What are the genotypes of Mr. and Mrs. Jones and of their numerous offspring?
and Mrs. Anderson both have tightly curled hair. (The hair form gene shows incomplete dominance. There are two alleles, curly and straight. The heterozygote has wavy hair.) The Andersons have a child with wavy hair. Mr. Anderson worries this may not be his child. Is he necessarily justified? Why or why not?
Problems Involving Two Genes
A man with dark (dominant), curly (see problem I.5.) hair marries a woman with light, straight hair. Their daughter, who happens to have dark hair, marries a man with light, wavy hair. Answer the following questions about this dark-haired daughter and her family.Predict the phenotypic ratio among the offspring of the daughter and her husband.
What is the chance that they will have a child with hair just like his or her father’s?
In cats, again, black color is dominant to a special, temperature-sensitive albino gene which produces cats with dark legs, faces and tails (Siamese cats, in case you don’t recognize it). A short haired (dominant) Siamese colored female is bred to a long-haired black male. They have eight kittens: 2 black, short-haired; 2 black, long-haired; 2 Siamese, short-haired; and 2 Siamese, long-haired. What were the genotypes of the two parents?
Problems Involving Genes With Multiple Alleles
In a particular family, one parent has Type A blood, the other has Type B. They have four children. One has Type A, one has Type B, one has Type AB, and the last has Type O. What are the genotypes of all six people in this family? The ABO blood type gene has three alleles. IA and IB are codominant; i (for Type O) is recessive to both.
In a recent case in Spokane, Washington, a young woman accused a soldier of being the father of her child. The soldier, of course, denied it. The soldier’s lawyer demanded that blood types be taken to prove the innocence of his client. The following results were obtained: Alleged father, Type O. Mother, Type A. Child, Type AB. The court found the soldier guilty on the basis of the woman’s remarkable memory for dates and details that apparently eliminated all other possible fathers.What are the possible genotypes for these three people?
Do you agree with the court’s decision? Why or why not?
After you have answered the questions I will send a peers response and you have to explain why your answers are right or wrong compared to theirs

Instructions will be uploaded later.
Important Info
The order was placed through a short procedure (customer skipped some order details).
Please clarify some paper details before starting to work on the order.
Type of paper and subject
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This is the report assignment for catalse lab report.
I have attached 2 files to do this assignment.
1. Report assignment request (docx) – this include general topic and guide line, rubric for this assignment. Please read them and follow the format, such as word summaries. I am aiming for over 80% mark for this report.
2. pract report assignment (pdf) – This is my actual lab report that you are supposed to write about the outcomes. There are instructions, hypotheses, and outcomes of experiments in this file. I do need the one graph figure included in result section. Please make sure to put the figure of the data.
It a short lab essay but I want you to make surfe you include the results of the actual lab report that i have attached. Please read the files before you send me the essay.

Plants and Industry: 1-2 page brief
Write a short review of a plant of interest in a field of interest. You are required to use at least two peerreviewed scientific papers but the rest of your sources can come from news magazines, websites, or
other sources. All sources, regardless of where they are from, must have proper citation according to
the format given in the syllabus. (2 pts.)
1. History of your plant (scientific and common name) and origins for use in the industry. (e.g.
Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) were first recognized in North Carolina in 1584 by Sir
Walter Raleigh [1]. For the past 400 years, muscadine grapes have been cultivated a crop in the
Southern part of the United States [1]. The high resveratrol content increases health benefits
attributed to this crop and products such as wines and grape juice from these grapes…. (2 pts.)
[1] USDA. 1997. America’s First Grape: The Muscadine. AgMag. 1-16.
2. Describe use of your plants in the industry or field using literature to support your descriptions.
(2 pts.) (e.g. Muscadine grapes are used to make ciders and wines…..)
3. Describe the impact of your plant on society based on its use in the industry described. (2 pts.)
4. Discuss any physiological factors that influence growth or maintenance of your plant specific to
where it is cultivated and/ or used. (e.g. Muscadine grapes prefer a subtropical climate with
temperatures of…). Include if your plant is a bryophyte, monilophyte, gymnosperm, angiosperm
(monocot or dicot)). (2 pts.)

Here is one side of a strand of DNA AACTGGTACGG. What would be the complementary strand bonded to it? (What will be on the other side)

Microbiology Assignment
1. tetanus
2. botulism
3. diphtheria
4. cholera
5. bacillary dysentery
6. typhoid fever
7. poliomyelitis
8. listeriosis
9. Campylobacter jejuni food
poisoning
10. Clostridium difficile intestinal
infection
11. hepatitis A
12. hepatitis B
13. hepatitis C
14. dengue fever
15. yellow fever
16. equine encephalitis
17. West Nile encephalitis
18. lassa fever
19. Ebola
20. Hanta pulmonary syndrome
21. chicken pox
22. measles (rubeola)
23. German measles (rubella)
24. shingles
25. influenza
26. common cold
27. avian flu
28. severe acute respiratory syndrome
29. infectious mononucleosis
30. smallpox
31. anthrax
32. leprosy
33. tuberculosis
34. Black plague
35. syphilis
36. gonorrhea
37. atypical (walking ) pneumonia
38. trachoma
39. ornithosis (psittocosis )
40. histoplasmosis
41. Chlamydia STD
42. duodenal/stomach ulcers
43. bacterial meningitis
44. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
45. Lyme disease
46. rabies
47. tularemia
48. AIDS
49. genital herpes
50. Burkitt’s lymphoma
51. scalded skin syndrome
52. necrotizing fasciitis
53. pertussis
54. scarlet fever
55. severe combined immunodeficiency
disease
56. graft vs. host disease
57. systemic lupus erythe matosus
58. brucellosis
59. lymphogranuloma venereum
60. trichomoniasis
61. giardiasis
62. toxoplasmosis
63. malaria
64. toxic shock syndrome
65. leptospirosis
66. infant diarrhea –rotavirus
67. infant pneumonia —respiratory
syncitial virus
68. amoebic dysentery
69. gas gangrene
70. infant meningitis (Hemophilus
influenzae )
71. thrush
72. mumps
73. pneumocystis pneumoniae
74. coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever)
75. Q fever
76. Relapsing fever
77. Legionnaire’s disease
78. epidemic typhus
79. African sleeping sickness
80. Creutzfeld -Jacob’s disease
81. ophthalmia neonatorum
82. erythroblastosis fetalis
83. dermatomycoses
84. impetigo
85. carbuncles & furuncles
86. infantile X-linked
agammaglobunemia
87. arthus reaction
88. insulin -dependent diabetes mellitus
89. rheumatoid arthritis
90. Graves disease
91. myasthenia gravis
92. contact dermatitis
93. anaphylaxis
94. serum sickness
95. condylomas (genital warts)
96. salmonellosis
97. E. coli 0157:H7 infection
98. cryptosproridiosis
99. Fifth’s disease
100. 1918 Pandemic Spanish Flu
(Note that there are a few bacterial diseases, but mostly viral, immunological disorders and some protozoal ad fungal diseases)Assignment: Create a 8.5” X 11” brochure with the information listed below regarding your infectious disease or immunological disorder. Your finished product will be something a reader may quickly gather information from.
Information required:
Your name should be on the brochure
if your topic is an infectious disease
name and describe the agent that causes the disease; what kind of microorganism is it?
how is it transmitted?
signs and symptoms of the disease
how is the disease treated?
how can the disease be prevented?
any unique or interesting information about the disease and/or agent
if your topic is an immunological disorder
define the disorder
what triggers the disorder?
what happens in the body during a flare up/occurrence/reaction?
is this treatable and how?
can the reactions be prevented and how?
provide an understanding of the life of a person with the disorder
Instructions:
Your brochure must be a 8.5 X 11” sheet of paper with information presented on only one sheet of paper;
Your name should be on the brochure
no references will be cited in the brochure;
a second page with the list of at least 3 references used will be submitted with the brochure and
If you were to come across a brochure with information about a health topic, think about what information you would like to learn and what would attract your attention.
Creativity is encouraged
You will be graded on the following:
name & description of infectious agent / description of immunological disorder—
list of references on a second page—
format, organization, grammar/spelling—
information required—
creativity—

My research question is How does gut microbiota mediated inflammation lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome?
No AI and MUST USE GOOGLE SCHOLAR FOR ANY INFORMATION and look at rubric
Remeber in a sophomore in high school
Needs 
Abstract
Intro
Litature review
Conclusion
Refrence

Introduction
This assignment aims to
facilitate an in-depth exploration of a specific microbe (HIV/AIDS) and the
disease it causes. By conducting independent research into the microbe and its
associated disease, you will enhance your comprehension of clinical medicine,
diagnostic methodologies, patient-physician dynamics, and the interplay between
microbes, hosts, and the environment.
Poster Organization
Your final poster submission will
be in digital format on Moodle. The materials will be presented as poster,
organized into the following sections:
YOU WILL ONLY BE DOING 2, 3, 4,
& 5
1. Title On the first slide,
include the title, your name, course details, term, course number, department,
and university in a banner format.
2. Abstract Summarize the key
points of your presentation in a single paragraph. 
3. The Microbe Describe
the microbe’s characteristics and biology. Discuss its appearance,
environmental distribution, and provide a brief history of its discovery.
Highlight essential virulence and pathogenicity mechanisms driving disease
progression. 
4. The Disease Detail the
disease’s transmission methods, symptomatology, and temporal progression.
Identify key distinguishing symptoms and possible differential diagnoses.
Highlight any unusual features or sequelae.
5. Epidemiology Explore
disease transmission routes, inter-host survival, incidence, prevalence, and
any involvement of animal or insect vectors. Investigate its impact on other
species.
6. Clinical Identification and
Treatment  Examine diagnostic methods, laboratory identification
techniques, and relevant tests. Discuss current treatment options and
noteworthy clinical aspects.
7. Social Implications and
Current Research  Choose one of two options: a) Highlight a
Non-Governmental Organization contributing to disease management, providing
their website and your insights on their efforts. b) Discuss historical and
present-day relevance of the disease, touching on moral or ethical concerns
revealed by your research. Also, present a contemporary research direction
related to the disease.
8. References  Include
at least 5 textual references. Of these, a minimum of three must be from 2018
or later, while the remaining two should be from 2013 or later. At least two
references must be substantial research, clinical, or review articles from
peer-reviewed journals.
Additional Guidelines:
– Sources beyond your references
may be drawn from specified websites such as www.cdc.gov, www.nih.gov, etc., or
other relevant books, articles, newspapers, and magazines.
– Avoid citing general
encyclopedias, dictionaries, or religious texts in your poster’s main text.
– Utilize the CSE Citation-Name
Superscript format for referencing.
– Use 14 to 16 point font for
clear readability.
– Ensure accurate spelling,
grammar, presentation, and adherence to the topic’s focus.
– Figures should have legends,
and proper citations are crucial.
– Incorporate a cohesive color
scheme, creative layout, and engaging visuals.
– Accurate, concise graphs,
figures, and tables with proper citation are pivotal.
– Aim for a visually appealing,
informative, and organized poster.
Grading Scheme
Content (50 points):
– Introduction and Objective (5
points): Clear explanation of the assignment’s purpose and objectives.
– Poster Organization (10
points): Properly structured and labeled sections, including title, abstract,
and relevant content.
– Microbe Description (10
points): Thorough description of the microbe’s biology, appearance, and
historical background.
– Disease Details (10 points):
Comprehensive coverage of disease transmission, symptoms, temporal progression,
and differentials.
– Epidemiology (5
points):Detailed exploration of disease transmission, incidence, prevalence,
and involvement of vectors or other species.
– Clinical Identification and
Treatment (10 points): In-depth discussion of diagnostic methods,
laboratory identification, tests, treatments, and clinical insights.
Visual Presentation (25 points):
– Layout and Design (10 points):
Creativity, organization, color scheme, and overall visual appeal.
– Figures and Visuals (10
points): Effective use of informative and relevant figures, graphs,
tables, and illustrations.
– Text and Formatting (5
points): Readability, consistent font size, proper alignment, and
formatting.
References and Citations (15
points):
– Reference Variety and Currency
(5 points): Inclusion of diverse, recent, and relevant references.
– Citation Accuracy (5 points):
Proper citation of sources within the poster content.
– Appropriate Use of Sources (5
points): Correct usage of sources from peer-reviewed journals, websites, books,
and other appropriate sources.
Overall Presentation (10 points):
– Clarity and Coherence (5
points): Logical flow, clear language, and smooth transitions between
sections.
– Depth of Research (5
points): Evidence of comprehensive research, synthesis of information, and
addressing all required aspects.

Choose a virology research article based on enveloped virus. Research paper to include    Lab experiments illustrations (3) review articles not accepted 
Professor Assignment guidelines:
-the main points of the article including goals or outcomes. (This is normally found in the “Results and Discussion” section of the manuscript.)
-methods used to accomplish the forementioned goals or outcomes. (This is normally found in the “Materials and Methods” section of the manuscript.)
-a copy of three illustrations in your summary while explaining their significance in your own words.
-why you chose the article and its significance to you or its benefits to science.
-where the research for the chosen article was performed. (This is normally found under 
the title of the article along with the author’s name of the article.)
-how the article furthers your understanding of virology.
-a minimum of four scientific/technical biology words or phrases you are not familiar with 
include citation of the sources. 
( If file did not work)