Category: Biology

**Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis’ light-dependent reactions. Explain the steps by which light energy is converted into chemical energy within chloroplasts.**

All the instructions for the essay are as follows below, be sure to read and follow all the directions to be as accurate as possble.
instruction for essay,,,,,,,,,
“The essay is written in a mini review format (paragraphs, no bullet points).One title page with your name and your topic. In addtion, the assay itself will be 4 pages (title page and references not included) (font 12, line space: 1.5, page margin: 1″” ). It must contain key features about the following areas:”,,,,,,,,,
(1) introduction of the disease,,,,,,,,,
(2)The role of the pathway or genes in the cell.,,,,,,,,,
(3) The potential or known effect of mutations in genes or genes of the pathway (what happens to the cell when the pathway/process doesnít work properly),,,,,,,,,
(4) Potential treatment of the disease if it is available,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,
“Provide at least 2 references, you can check reference by login ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/”
instruction for essay
The essay is written in a mini review format (paragraphs) regarding the disease.  It will be 4 pages (font: 12, double space between lines, page margin: 1 inch). It must minimally contain key features about the following areas:
(1) Introducion of disease, what kind of inheritance, how many people were affected …
(2)  The potential or known effect of mutations in genes or chromosomes that leads to the diseases
(3)  Potential treatment of the disease if it is available
Provide at least 1 references, you can check reference by login  ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Overview
In this discussion, you will draw on your your knowledge of eukaryotes by researching a specific microbe and describing information to your peers.
Instructions
A. Initial post: Minimum 200 words
Find a recent (< 5 years old) news article involving a eukaryotic microbe and post a link to the article. Summarize the story, including what microbe was discussed, its features, and the main facts of the article. Needs to be in APA format with intext citations and references 

I need the intext citations for this post. PLease make sure there is no AI or plagiarism
I need it rewritten to include the intext citations/ quotaions

No sources required. Just reply to the discussions. No minium word counts, doesnt need to be long.
Post 1:
Michelle Wynn
6/22/24, 4:02 PM
NEW
Hello Class,
A baby’s first breath inflates their lungs to its capacity and decreases lung pressure. The first breath is considered the more difficult one due to the transition from being in a fluid-filled environment in the womb to air filled surroundings after birth. This requires the baby to generate enough force to expand their lungs and replace fluid with air. Therefore, both the circulatory and respiratory systems are both impacted by a baby’s first breath.
APGAR is a test performed on a baby 1 minute after birth, which determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. Then again at 5 minutes the score tells the health care provider how well the baby is adjusting to being outside of the womb. APGAR stands for – appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. The baby’s breathing effort, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color are examined. This test will determine if a newborn needs help breathing or is having heart trouble. The good thing about this is it does not predict the future health of the child.
References:
Hooper, S., te Pas, A., Lang, J. et al. Cardiovascular transition at birth: a physiological sequence. Pediatr Res 77, 608–614 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.21
https://www.nature.com
Arulkumaran S. Fetal surveillance in labor. In: Arulkumaran SS, Robson MS, eds. Munro Kerr’s Operative Obstetrics. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 9.
Post 2:
Nichapha Tansawangkul
6/22/24, 7:02 PM
NEW
When newborns take their first breath impacts the circulatory system. Why do you think this might be?
When newborns take their first breath, it significantly impacts the circulatory system because it triggers the inflation of the lungs, which were previously filled with amniotic fluid. This inflation drastically reduces the resistance in the pulmonary vessels, allowing blood to flow more freely through the lungs for oxygenation. Additionally, the first breath initiates the closure of the fetal shunts—ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus—that previously bypassed the lungs and liver. These closures redirect blood flow through the lungs for oxygenation and through the liver for detoxification and metabolism. Consequently, the pressures in the heart chambers shift, supporting a normal circulatory pattern suitable for life outside the womb.
What other systems might be impacted by this first independent breath?
The first independent breath of a newborn impacts several other physiological systems beyond the circulatory system. Primarily, the respiratory system undergoes profound changes as the newborn transitions from a fluid-filled environment to breathing air. This initiation of breathing stimulates the expansion of the lungs and activates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, crucial for oxygenating blood and removing metabolic wastes. Concurrently, the nervous system responds by coordinating respiratory muscle contractions, ensuring effective ventilation. In conjunction with these changes, the endocrine system adjusts to the new oxygen-rich environment, triggering the release of surfactant to maintain alveolar stability and enhance lung compliance. Additionally, the act of breathing generates heat through metabolic processes, supporting the newborn’s thermoregulatory system as it adapts to maintaining body temperature independently. Moreover, the first breath marks the beginning of gastrointestinal function, influencing digestion and absorption processes essential for nutrient utilization and growth. Lastly, exposure to ambient air kickstarts the colonization of gut microbiota, contributing to the development of the immune system and overall health. Thus, the first breath orchestrates a cascade of physiological adjustments across multiple systems, crucial for the newborn’s adaptation to extrauterine life and ongoing development.
How does obtaining an Apgar score provide quick information to medical professionals about the functioning body systems of the newborn?
Obtaining an Apgar score provides rapid and critical information to medical professionals about the newborn’s health and functioning body systems immediately after birth. The score assesses five physiological parameters:
Heart Rate: Reflects cardiovascular function.
Respiratory Effort: Indicates the adequacy of breathing and lung function.
Muscle Tone: Assesses the neuromuscular system.
Reflex Irritability (Grimace Response): Evaluates the central nervous system’s responsiveness.
Color (Skin): Indicates oxygenation and circulation.
The score is typically assigned at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, with higher scores (out of 10) indicating better overall health. Here’s how the Apgar score provides quick insight into the newborn’s condition:
Heart Rate and Respiratory Effort: These parameters immediately assess the cardiovascular and respiratory systems’ ability to function independently outside the womb (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015).
Muscle Tone and Reflexes: They indicate the neuromuscular maturity and the central nervous system’s ability to coordinate responses (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).
Skin Color: Provides a quick assessment of oxygenation and blood perfusion throughout the body (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 2015).
By quickly evaluating these five parameters, the Apgar score allows medical professionals to promptly identify any immediate needs for intervention, such as resuscitation or further evaluation. It serves as a standardized tool for communicating the newborn’s health status among healthcare providers, facilitating timely and appropriate care.
References:
American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association. (2015). Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation (NRP). 7th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). ACOG Committee Opinion No. 764: Medically Indicated Late-Preterm and Early-Term Deliveries. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(3), e153-e156.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2015). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. Clinical Guideline CG190. London: RCOG Press.

Please read the article below and then answer both parts (1a) and (1b).
India has no plans to recover the body of a US missionary killed by a tribe
1a. Discuss the genetic advantages to humanity as a whole of NOT contacting populations who have chosen to remain isolated.
1b. Discuss the genetic advantages to the isolated groups of uncontacted people for NOT having contact with the outside world. Do you see any disadvantages for these people to remaining isolated
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/28/india-body-john-allen-chau-missionary-killed-by-sentinelese-tribe#:~:text=Indian%20authorities%20say,for%20privacy%20reasons.

Week 4 discussion forum 1 – NeuroQuest: Embarking on a Mind-Boggling Expedition Through Brain Structures
Greetings, fellow brainiacs and cognitive explorers! Prepare to embark on an electrifying journey through the convoluted landscapes of the human brain. In this discussion, we′re strapping on our metaphorical helmets and delving deep into the intricate structures that give rise to our thoughts, emotions, and memories. So, grab your cognitive compass and let′s dive into the captivating world of brain structures!
Main Post:
The brain is a captivating subject in literature, movies, and other forms of media. In a few paragraphs, share examples of how brain structures have been portrayed and symbolized throughout history and in modern pop culture. Explore how these depictions align with or deviate from scientific understanding and what they reveal about our fascination with the mind.
* You must cite all references used to gather information for your main post. Main posts without references will not be given credit. *

•What is going on in science today? New, amazing discoveries are made so often it can be difficult to stay up-to-date. Time to take a moment and investigate what is happening today!
Type up a one page report on the topic and include the following:
•Summarize the research done – mention tools and methods used, what was the question/hypothesis, note the conclusions
•Why did you choose this topic, what caught your attention, why is this important to you
•Did this research trigger any new questions for you, did it lead you to investigate another topic
•Does the research relate to our classroom discussions in some way
PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE ONLY USE THIS ARTICLE NO THER SOURCES EXCEPT THIS ONE THANK YOU.
https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts

In this case study, you will apply your knowledge from modules 1 and 2 to analyze the life cycle of soil microbes. Download and complete the Module 2 Case Study Worksheet as you work through the case study. Must include references/sources. NO AI or Plagiarism. Please see attachments, Please read the case study, them fill out Case Study worksheet

Hi Dear, this is instruction of assignment. ” Please submit your 5 page journal (1,250 minimum word count) with at least 3 unique entries here. 
For your journal entries, you can write about nature hikes you have taken, documentaries you have watched, articles you have read, conversations you have had, thoughts about class material or content that has interested you, volunteerism, climate activism, environmental social justice, etc. It’s very open ended – think of this assignment as a personal diary of reflections on any experiences related to the class. ” also I attahced two pdf that related to class and you can choose information from them. also name of class is “Our endangered planet”.  please let me know if you have any question or need more document.