Category: Biology

In this discussion, we will investigate how we use the scientific method to study a problem in our everyday life.   Before we get started, please review the scientific method tutorial available here: Scientific Method Tutorial  
Find a situation in your everyday life that you would like to test using the scientific method. 
A. Start by providing information regarding the problem. Did you provide a description of the situation (these are your observations)?  
B. What is your question (be specific)?  
C. What is your hypothesis? A hypothesis can be stated in the following format: “If ……., Then……”. Your hypothesis is a statement, and never a question.  
D. Identify the Control and Experimental (Treatment) groups. What is the difference between control and experimental groups? What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable? What factors will be kept constant (the control variables)? 
E. Describe your experimental design. How will you conduct your experiment? Could you repeat the experiment and get similar results?  
F. What is your conclusion? Your conclusion should specifically state whether your hypothesis is supported by the results.  Create an experiment with mock data that you created to support/not support your hypothesis and conclusions

The prompt for this paper is to research a topic related directly to the field of science. The topic for this paper will be on the mantis shrimp. The paper must be at least 1000 words double-spaced, following MLA formatting guidelines (this total excludes the Works Cited page). You must make use of a minimum of five (5) different sources. A minimum of three (3) of these sources must be peer-reviewed. A minimum of one (1) of these sources must be a reputable agency such as the CDC, WHO, NSF, etc. The Works Cited page should detail all sources and references used in the paper. The paper should be arranged in the following sections: 1. Introduction, 2. Body of paper (with subheadings if needed), 3. Conclusion *Note: Additional subsections are fine as needed for better organization. The paper should be written in your own words but don’t forget to cite the source. Avoid direct quotes whenever possible – try to paraphrase the materials.

INSTRUCTIONS: 
● Thoroughly research the topic by using various resources of information, such as books, journals, news articles, and other online resources. 
● Think outside of the box in terms of how you can make your report more clear and effective. 
● Add appropriate data, diagrams, pictures, case studies, videos and graphics. ∙ The evaluation will be based on the rubric attached. 
● The report should be 3 pages at minimum and 5 pages at maximum (single spaced). Provide a complete list of references in APA 7th edition format or MLA ● Plagiarism is not acceptable.
Rubric is attached, kindly follow the instruction carefully and add digrams or pictures as mentioned in the instruction

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Structural proteins which are spike (S), envelope (E) and membrane (M), therefore, in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translation is carried out and then for the formation of virion, proteins go to the Golgi apparatus. Genomic RNA and viral structural proteins initially combined in cytoplasm where they are formed and assembled in nucleocapsids, which are then packaged into new viral particles filled with the viral genome. To discharge its virion, the infected cell uses exocytosis upon completion of the process.

The prompt for this paper is to research a topic related directly to the field of science. The topic for this paper will be on the mantis shrimp. The paper must be at least 1000 words double-spaced, following MLA formatting guidelines (this total excludes the Works Cited page). You must make use of a minimum of five (5) different sources. A minimum of three (3) of these sources must be peer-reviewed. A minimum of one (1) of these sources must be a reputable agency such as the CDC, WHO, NSF, etc. The Works Cited page should detail all sources and references used in the paper. The paper should be arranged in the following sections: 1. Introduction, 2. Body of paper (with subheadings if needed), 3. Conclusion *Note: Additional subsections are fine as needed for better organization. The paper should be written in your own words but don’t forget to cite the source. Avoid direct quotes whenever possible – try to paraphrase the materials.
Some suggestion on topic you could cover are the two types of mantis shrimp: spearing and clubbing. And also, their amazing eyesight.

Use the populations in the table below to draw your own graph of the world population and the population of Canada from 1750 to 2010. Compare the trends in the two graphs. Use the graph’sto predict the world population and the Canadian population in 100 years. Explain your predictions.
Research the topic using the Internet, library resources and primary surveys. Keep track of all relevant information for a Works Cited page
Decide on which statistical tools are applicable for analyzing your hypothesis. Use these tools as subheadings when writing the body of your written report. These subheadings, which contain the  interpretation of the calculations, must refer to the appropriate appendix. The appendices contain the related calculations that were performed in Excel. 
I would be surprised if the body of your written report has fewer than 3 or more than 6 typed pages. The written report should also include a title page, a table of contents, a References page (APA style) and Appendices containing the raw data and mathematical calculations. 
Plan a 15-20 min Seminar on your topic to share the analysis you have carried out with the class. Remember to use some communications technology and visual aids such as Internet, PowerPoint, spreadsheets, etc. 
Presenters are to respond to audience questions about their statistical analysis and will be critiqued by both their peers and teacher.

This is the sixth and final of a series of podcasts you will summarize as a graded assignment (others are also available for extra credit).
This podcast encompasses the topic of trophy hunting and conservation. Your summary should be between 300 and 500 words (1-1.5 pages, 1.5 spaced, Times New Roman) and should include the main points you hear in this podcast. Please include:
1) Three key points;
2) Something that is a novelty for you;
3) The short, take-home message;
3) Your personal take on this podcast.
Podcast link: The Rhino HunterLinks to an external site. | Radiolab
Radiolab summary:
Back in 2014, Corey Knowlton paid $350,000 for a hunting trip to Namibia to shoot and kill an endangered species. He’s a professional hunter, who guides hunts all around the world, so going to Africa would be nothing new. The target on the other hand would be. And so too, he quickly found, would be the attention. This episode, producer Simon Adler follows Corey as he dodges death threats and prepares to pull the trigger. Along the way we stop to talk with Namibian hunters and government officials, American activists, and someone who’s been here before – Kenya’s former Director of Wildlife, Richard Leakey. All the while, we try to uncover what conservation really means in the 21st century. DO NOT USE ANY AI I WILL KNOW.

Choose any cancer type that interests you. Research the topic and write a brief paper (around
2-3 page 1.5space) Outlining the following:
1. Intro to the cancer type (including overall stats;general description)
2. Specific oncogenic and/or tumor suppressor mutations associated with this cancer type
3. Any specific information concerning the role of angiogenesis and/or metastasis in its
progression/prognosis
4. Current and/or developing improvements in diagnostics and/or therapeutics
Use/cite at least 3-5 sources (NCI, cancer.gov, science daily, etc…plenty of internet sources are
available)
You need to use in text citations MLA or APA format and a reference page

320 week 1
Main post:
Link to the course resources that must be used for at least 1 reference:
https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/biol/biol320/2245/new-learning-resource-list/cell-structure-and-function.html?ou=1032085
The reading for the first week of the course does include, in part, the components of the cell.  The field of forensics investigates what happens to cells and tissues in case of an accident or when crimes are committed. 
Please discuss one aspect of tissue or cell component changes after death whether it is in the minutes after death, hours after death, days or months postmortem. You are assigned a time frame according to the first letter of your last name according to this table:    
If your last name starts with the letter…
…… write about one aspect of tissue or cell-level changes in the following post-mortem time frames:
A – G
few minutes to 1 hour
Do a library and/or web search to find at least one credible information source that describes cell or tissue changes in your assigned time frame.  
Your main post should be at least 150 words.
In addition to citing at least one credible outside source, you also need to make at least one connection to the assigned Week 1 Learning Resources in your main response.
In-text citations and full references in APA format are required.
Reply to at least two classmates’ posts.
Your replies should be substantial and contribute to learning. Ask thought-provoking questions, and/or add additional information that brings the discussion forward.
Each of the two responses must contain at least 100 words. 
Cite sources used in APA format also in your replies.
Replies:
Vance:
Time Frame: More than one month
Immediately after death, body decomposition begins, and a variety of vile processes take place. I will be discussing the later changes to the body after death, mainly the process of skeletonization. Before the process of skeletonization is able to take place, soft tissue, organs, skin, and muscles have to be liquified and completely decayed. This happens in the following weeks after death. After all of the body’s soft tissue components have decomposed, we are only left with components such as hair and bones. At this point, most of the body’s mass has been lost. On a more cellular level, it is worth mentioning that almost all the cells at this point have lost their shape and structure and have been reduced to cellular debris. As we learned in this week’s reading about cell structure and function, when an individual dies, lysosomes release contents that speed up the process of decomposition. This may contribute to the fact that early decomposition has a very quick timeline compared to later stages. 
With only the body’s remnants of calcium and collagen left, the final stage of decomposition, skeletonization takes full swing. All of the body’s vestiges have dried or decayed, and as the term would suggest, almost the entire skeleton has been exposed at this point. While there are a large amount of factors to consider in regards to how long it would take a skeleton to decay, it can take up to 20 years for an untouched skeleton to decompose. And, if the conditions are ideal, the skeleton may even fossilize. 
References:
The stages of human decomposition [updated June 2022]: Aftermath services. Aftermath Services | Crime Scene Clean Up & Death Cleanup Professionals. (2024, March 6). https://www.aftermath.com/content/human-decomposition/
What are the stages of decomposition?. Property Restoration and Emergency Cleaning. (n.d.). https://www.spauldingdecon.com/blog/what-are-the-stages-of-decomposition#:~:text=Nails%20and%20teeth%20fall%20out,where%20the%20skeleton%20is%20exposed.
Martin, G. (2023, September 7). Skeletonization: The final stage of decomposition. Crime Scene Cleanup. https://www.crimescenecleanup.com/skeletonization/
Rahz:
Between 2 to 21 months following death, the deceased enters the mummification stage, a phase significantly influenced by environmental conditions. In hot and arid environments, tissue desiccation occurs, leading to moisture loss and subsequent tissue shrinkage. Mummification may occur uniformly throughout the body or localize in specific areas like the tongue. During this phase, bones become more prominent, while tissue takes on a dark, brittle, leather-like texture.
This preservation process retards decomposition, aiding in the identification of the individual and determination of injuries or cause of death. At the cellular level, the dehydration during mummification leads to structural changes within cells. These changes include alterations in cell membranes, protein denaturation, and the formation of tough outer layers to prevent further water loss. The lack of water inhibits the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, slowing down decomposition. Such cellular alterations serve as crucial evidence in identifying the corpse or the cause of death.
Almulhim, A. M., & Menezes, R. G. (2023, May 1). Evaluation of Postmortem Changes. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554464/
‌Shedge, R., Krishan, K., Warrier, V., & Kanchan, T. (2020). Postmortem Changes. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539741/