Category: Criminology

Reflection Essay on the Book entitled: 
Out of the red: my life of gangs, prison, and redemption
Written by: Christian L. Bolden 2020 
** I have attached the full text of this book to the order**
**
INSTRUCTIONS: 
Write a reflection essay on the above titled book. What did you learn from the book? Is is similar or different to what your interpretation of what “a gang” is? Do you have any critiques of the book? Is there anything unique about the book. Does it raise any new questions? 
PLEASE NOTE: This book was written by my instructor. Therefore, please refrain from any harsh criticisms as it could impact my grade, although it shouldn’t. 
Technical Format:
Your paper should be at least 2-3 pages in length, double-spaced, in 12 pt. font/APA format.  
-Also please use the page numbers  (Bolden, 2020, p. 20), for instance,  when you cite in case I need to tweak it. 
NOTE FROM THE INSTRUCTOR: This is a reflection, NOT a book summary. I am looking for evidence that you learned something and that you have thought through what the material means to you. I want to know what you think about what you read. Please do not use AI or you will fail the assignment. 
**His lifes work is “gangs”  and this is his story so please take your time on this and make it meaningful. 
Thank you for taking the assignment. 

Do you feel there should be any controls on immigration? If so, what controls and how should they be implemented?  When an immigrant arrives in a new country should they have the same access to healthcare and other rights as an existing citizen? Why, or why not?   
No sources or citations allowed.

Do not include a title page or reference page, but do include your name on p. 1.
• Length. The answer to each question can be no longer than 2 single-spaced pages. The total
length of your exam therefore should be no more than 6 single-spaced pages.
• Start each answer on a new page, number each answer, and label each part (e.g., “a,” “b”).
• Formatting. Use 1” margins, single-spacing, and 12-point Times New Roman font.
QUESTIONS
Question 1. (a) Drawing on chapters 23, 24, 25, and 27, describe how and why informal processing of
youth—such as police and court personnel discretion in how they handle delinquency cases—may benefit
youth. (b) Describe how and why it may harm them. (c) What could be done to ensure that personnel discretion helps rather than harms youth?
Question 2. (a) Drawing on chapters 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 18, and the Mears et al. (2011) article,discuss what we know about the effectiveness of juvenile court sanctions (e.g., probation, residential commitment, and transfer to adult court) in reducing recidivism and crime and promoting the well-being
of juvenile offenders. (b) Discuss problems that may undermine the effectiveness of the juvenile court.
(c) Pick one type of sanction (probation, residential commitment, transfer) and present an argument for how you would improve its effectiveness.
Question 3. Drawing on chapters 34 and 35, identify at least 3 lessons from other countries or either chapter that might be useful in improving juvenile justice in America. As with all the questions, defend your answer through reference to the reading.

Briefly summarize the forensic psychology research article attached including the sections on methods and results, paying particular attention to sample size, characteristics, and means of selection.
Explain how the sample size, sample characteristics, and sample selection influenced the results of the study and why.

Deterrence is basically the government putting fear of punishment into an individual so they never commit another crime again. Taking small time criminals and locking them up for maybe a few weeks is enough to scare them from committing another crime that could be a severe issue. Using someone as a pillar could be very useful to a community that could be high in petty crime.
Retribution is more for the judge and or the jury with wanting to punish an individual for their Crimes. Retribution is making the individual feel guilty while giving them the punishment that the crime desires. Judge and or Jury uses retribution to justify the actions of and individual by making them suffer from their actions and punishing them
Incapacitation is where the individual is kept separate from society to protect society and its people from someone dangerous. Incapacitation is used for Jails and Prisons with either a minimum or lengthy sentences. When an offender commits a crime that could danger someone it’s better to keep them away from society. The whole purpose of incapacitation is to punish and offender for violating the common laws used in our criminal justice system. Incapacitation is different from the rest of the 4 pillars because it actually incarcerates and places a range of sentences upon the offender for their crimes.
Rehabilitation is usually the most important in my eyes because it is used to help the offender recover and change their lives. Rehabilitation can help a drug offender become a doctor because they have the tools now to cope and handle any problems that come along to avoid any addiction. A property crime could definitely be a determinate sentencing because it’s the most common and basic type of sentencing. Properly crimes are crimes but it’s not as hard as the rest.
Drug crimes could be Indeterminate because depending on how many times someone has been locked up off drug charges the judge could place a minimum or maximum sentencing example could be any where from 5-10 years instead of giving a fixed sentencing.
Violent crimes would definitely be presumptive sentencing because depending on how serious the violent crime act was. If the crime was murder them at offender would be charged for the murder and how hineous the crime was.
Most individuals especially Christians have an issue with the death penalty because of inhumanity and possible wrongful execution. These would cause real issues with the death penalty and even come close to possibly violating human rights.
Arguments for death penalty could include a sense of retribution for the offender for what they have committed in the past and to no longer be in this life. Death penalty could reduce additional crime rights because No more crimes could be committed after death
Maes, E. (2022). Offender agency in a state-centred sentencing process: In search of an agentic sentencing model. Criminal Law and Philosophy, 16(3), 575-609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-021-09578-5Links to an external site.
McKean, J. (2019, ). Abolish the death penalty?: Readers argue pro and con, citing ted bundy, an opinion by harry blackmun and catholicism. The New York Times    

be sure that you are using proper APA format and that you have at least one Peer-Reviewed Article in your research. Below is one video to add some additional insight into the subject matter. 
YouTube URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UNURaaxE1zw
Discuss serial murderers and/or sexual sadists, their profiles, myths and misconceptions. Be sure to discuss at least one real-world case in your post. 
Make sure you cite your research in proper APA format.

Using the textbook 
(S) Cyber Crime and Cyber Terrorism
Robert W. Taylor, Eric J. Fritsch, John Liederbach, 2019
Pearson
ISBN.13: 978-0-134-84651-4 please use 3 references in APA form.

Competency
In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competencies:
Analyze how the ideologies of punishment influence professional practice in corrections
Describe the organizational structure and logistical considerations of correctional facilities
Analyze systemic issues that affect incarceration
Scenario
You are working for Vera Institute, a private agency dedicated to “tackl[ing] the most pressing injustices of our day.” Your work group is writing a grant asking for federal funding on behalf of the State of Alabama Department of Corrections, which desperately needs funding in order to build new structures and programs to combat overcrowding. The piece of the grant you will craft is the statement of need, which focuses on reviewing the ideologies of punishment, explaining considerations in corrections facilities, and analyzing systemic issues that affect incarceration. You have been provided with a template Word Document to assist you in organizing your work.
Reference
Vera Institute. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.vera.org/about
Directions
Grant Proposal Statement of Need
In this assignment, you will craft a statement of need for your grant proposal. This statement will explain the issues that generally relate to today’s corrections departments and how you are seeking to address these issues. Your statement of need should be divided into sections using the following headers:
Ideological Influence on Professional Practice
To begin your statement, you will use research to analyze how the ideologies of punishment influence professional practice in corrections.
First, describe how the goals of sentencing may lead to specific programs and sentencing structures. In your analysis, include each of the following:
Identify the five goals of sentencing. Name and define each goal.
Describe how prison programs can foster rehabilitation.
Describe some of the different goals of sentencing demonstrated through different programs and sentencing structures.
Next, you will explain the impact of sentencing structures. Choose two of the following to explain the impact(s) of sentencing structures:
Determinate and indeterminate
Felonies vs. misdemeanors
Mandatory minimums
Three strikes law
Then, describe how felony convictions create an unintended “invisible punishment.” Be sure to address the following areas of impact that persons convicted of felonies might face upon release:
Civil liberty restrictions
Private sector restrictions
Structure and Logistics of Correctional Facilities
In the next part of your statement of need, use research as you consider the organizational structure and logistical considerations of correctional facilities.
First, describe the processing of offenders in correctional facilities. Be sure to address each of the following:
The prisoner intake process
Application of the Fourth Amendment to searches and seizures in corrections
Transitional services and release planning
Next, describe the physical and organizational structure of correctional facilities. Be sure to address each of the following:
The different jurisdictions of correctional institutions, including:
Prisons and jails
Federal, state, local
The impact of different types of sanctions on corrections facilities
The physical layout of a corrections structure and its impact on corrections processes
Then, analyze the impact of age-related diversity on correctional facilities. Be sure to address each of the following:
The impact on facilities
The impact on adjudication, including:
Juvenile or adult
The impact of an aging prison population on the correctional system. You may consider describing the following:
Medical care
Financial considerations
Systemic Issues
In the last part of your statement of need, you will use research as you analyze systemic issues that affect incarceration.
First, analyze the impact of diversity in prisons.
Address past policies and practices related to the response to increased diversity in corrections. Consider addressing some of the following:
Mental health issues
Language and cultural issues
Issues in women’s prisons
LGBTQ issues
Next, explain the rise of incarceration rates and strategies to reduce them. Select two of the following events or criminal justice areas to focus on in your explanation:
War on Drugs
Parole/probation violations
Pre-trial detention
Then, describe factor(s) that impact prison culture. Select one or two of the following factors to include in your description:
Long-term incarceration rates
Two models of inmate behavior
Sexual violence in prisons (Eighth Amendment)
Relevant legislation
Court ruling(s)
What to Submit
To complete this project, you must submit the following:
Grant Proposal Statement of Need
Your statement should be 6–8 pages, formatted using the provided template, which provides specific section headings and formatting, and include in-text citations with complete references in APA style in the identified reference section.

Article Critique Assignment Instructions
Overview
In the Article Critique Assignments, you will systematically and objectively critique criminal justice-related research articles to understand published research. You will critique the strengths and weaknesses of peer-reviewed journal articles and carefully analyze arguments and points in the article. You will develop the technical writing skill of critiquing while furthering critical thinking application and knowledge of the topics investigated. You will incorporate and apply a Christian worldview perspective to each topic and Article Critique Assignment.
Instructions
4-7 pages excluding the title page, abstract, and reference pages.
Current APA format.
Minimum of two (2) peer-reviewed journal articles from Liberty University library. Acceptable sources (peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5-10 years only).
Include a critique of least two (2) strengths and two (2) weaknesses from each article.
Include a Christian and Biblical Worldview perspective. This Article Critique Assignment requires that you follow a template. Please review and follow the template carefully. Include a running header, title page, abstract (between 120-250 words), proper APA headings/subheadings, and a reference page. Please note that you are asked not to change or omit any of the bold headings that are already in the template. You are only asked to insert your written content into the appropriate sections of the template. Article Critique: Police Ethnocentricity, Subculture, and Historical Evolution Assignment Locate two (2) peer-reviewed articles no older than 5-10 years about ethics in policing administration. Provide an in-depth discussion of the findings in each article.
Based on your critique of the literary pieces, what might an ethical organization look like?
Specify the characteristics of training, leadership, and employees that might be expected in an ethical police organization.
Review the biblical themes in the video titled: “Police Ethnocentricity, Subculture, and Historical Evolution” found in the module’s Learn section.
Discuss some of the challenges associated with organizations that are replete with corruption like racism and discrimination from a Christian and Biblical worldview.
Article Critique: Dual-Court System and Roles of Courtroom Workgroup Assignment
Locate two (2) peer-reviewed articles no older than 5-10 years that discuss 2 historical Supreme Court cases and review the video titled: “Dual-Court System and Roles of Courtroom Workgroup” found in the module’s Learn section. This historical case law choice is limited to search and seizure, stop and frisk, searches for evidence, or police interrogation and confessions. Chosen articles do not have to be on the same topic although they may be. Find articles related to case law on the aforementioned topics but do not consider articles merely discussing the case law itself. Provide an in-depth discussion of the findings of each article. With respect to the specific case law you have analyzed, defend constitutional democracy and the issues raised in case law from a Christian and Biblical worldview.
Article Critique: Correctional Goals and Prison Privatization Assignment
Locate two (2) peer-reviewed articles no older than 5-10 years that discuss American prison privatization. One article must present arguments advocating for American prison privatization and the second article must present arguments against American prison privatization. Provide a critique of each author’s position on the privatization of prisons. Review the video titled: “Correctional Goals and Prison Privatization” found in the the module’s Learn section. From a Christian and Biblical worldview, critique the current state of private prisons in America and present a clear argument on how to fix the system.
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Use template.
Article Critique
Name
Liberty University
CJUS 500: Criminal Justice Integration
Professor Name Date Abstract
Start text here… This paragraph will not be indented and will be double spaced. You will need to include at least 120-250 words in the abstract. Keywords are optional. Article Critique
Start here …. You need an introductory paragraph and thesis statement here. Insert in-text citations as needed (i.e., parenthetical citations) for empirical support. Grab the reader’s attention in the first couple of sentences and introduce the topic at hand. Provide some basic information then conclude with a strong thesis statement. Article 1-Background
Start text here… include parenthetical citations. Be sure to write in complete sentences; paraphrase and cite accordingly following current APA 7 formatting. Do not forget to include transitioning sentences to segue from one section to the next. Section headings serve to help the reader locate the information of interest and do not serve as a substitute for doing the hard work of writing. Your writing should flow from one section to the next, connecting the material in much the same way it would without these headings.
Note that this section may be a couple of paragraphs. Generally, a paragraph should not be a full page, double-spaced. Aim to be as concise as possible! Writing concisely takes practice and this is a skill you will spend the rest of your graduate career (and beyond) working on. Article 1 – Critique of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Article
Strengths
Start text here… include parenthetical citations. Include at least 2 strengths. Remember that at a bare minimum, paragraphs should contain 3-5 sentences total. There should only be a single space in between sentences per APA 7 formatting guidelines. Weaknesses
Start text here… include parenthetical citations; include at least 2 weaknesses.
Article 2-Background
Start text here… include parenthetical citations. Be sure to write in complete sentences; paraphrase and cite accordingly following current APA 7 formatting. Do not adjust the spacing of these headings when you are typing up your work for this assignment. Simply insert your text where my text is. Take care that if you cut and paste into this document for your submission that the spacing remains the same!
Article 2 – Critique of Strengths and Weaknesses of the Article
Strengths
Start text here… include parenthetical citations; include at least 2 strengths.
Weaknesses
Start text here… include parenthetical citations; include at least 2 weaknesses.
Summary of Articles
Start text here… include parenthetical citations. In this section of your critique, you are expected to provide a well-developed and critical summary of the overall effectiveness of each of the articles you selected. Briefly summarize the topic of your critique and then discuss the overall effectiveness of each of the articles you selected. You must include additional examples from the articles to support your conclusions.
Conclusion: Personal Reflection, Position, and Christian Worldview
Start text here… include parenthetical citations. References

The division I would make would be prepared in areas that exterior of the jail dividers many inmates would have distant better; a much better; a higher; a stronger; an improved”>a stronger chance at picking up business. Since numerous areas require a criminal foundation c or a few bosses may not want to enlist criminals, educating them on skills in areas where that will not be as enormous of an issue is imperative. This preparation would instruct not only particular preparation, but to center on life aptitudes like self-awareness, problem-solving, critical thinking, and interpersonal aptitudes. The sorts of employment prisoners would be trained on would be plumbing, development, HVAC, overwhelming hardware operation, domestic advancement, and appliance repair. “It might be contended that where life aptitudes are not adequately created, a prisoner’s ability to effectively lock in in instruction or professional programs may be ruined, in this way impacting the future capability to change. It must too be recognized that the significance of life skills stretch past the current center on instruction and professional preparing to more extensive issues of housing, financial bolster, and repairing or building connections, all of which are principal elements of rehabilitation” (Jolley, 2017, p. 2). Another division might offer assistance centered on less physical sort work, that may incorporate information, coding, realistic plans, therapeutic coding, and web plans. The objective is to allow inmates training in ranges where they may still get work indeed as an indicted criminal. A few businesses do not permit indicted criminals to work for them for security reasons, but numerous of these sorts of work might offer the detainee a great chance of picking up business once they are discharged, and if the jail offers a work discharge program, the prisoner may indeed start work earlier to release. Reentry can be a noteworthy challenge for prisoners, particularly if they have been in jail for a long time. “The National Founded of Equity (2017, as cited in Baloch & Jennings, 2018) notes that the issues confronting guilty parties post-release including substance manhandling, the disgrace of incarceration, the need for instruction, mental sicknesses, and being incapable of discovering appropriate employment rapidly ended up overpowering and lead to higher recidivism rates” (Baloch & Jennings,2018, p. 402). On the off chance that detainees have work aptitudes and instruction, they have a distant better; a much better; a higher; a stronger; an improved”>an improved chance at gaining employment and lessening their chance of recidivism. Ephesians 4:28 says, “Let the cheat not take, but or maybe let him labor, doing fair work with his claim hands, so that he may have something to share with anybody in need” (ESV, 2016). Having great work can give more than fair a paycheck, it permits the individual to have goals, they have something to try to do, and they are dependable for something and dependable to someone. 
Baloch, N. & Jennings, W. (2018). Offender vocational rehabilitation services and post-release employment: A case for inmates with disabilities. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 402-414;
https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2018.1510865.
ESV. (2016). Holy Bible.
Jolley, M. (2017). Rehabilitating prisoners: the place of basic life skills programs. Safer Communities,
1-10; DOI 10.1108/SC-02-2017-0009