Category: Economics

What type of products to DVC’s typically export? How do those exports relate to the law of comparative advantage? How do tariffs by IACs reduce DVCs standard of living? LO41.5.  
PLEASE DO NOT GO OVER 500 WORDS
Every single discussion board I ask someone to write always goes over please keep to 500 words and make sure it isnt super over the top. Only one or two sources are needed but I would love if it could be done before the due date. 
Thanks!

Editing, sentence flow,etc..and better introduction and sources needed. Attached sources. This is only an Introduction essay. other group members will be completing the remaining parts. Please enhance essay with sources

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both free-market and
command economic systems regarding the achievement of economic
growth. You should use examples of countries in your answer.
Use academically approved sources to research the ways that countries in
transition, such as China and Russia, are managing any changes in their
economies towards a different type of economy, and provide up-to-date
economic data to support your findings.

Markets are one way of determining what an economy produces, how it produces, and how the products are allocated. Advocates of free markets claim that this approach results in socially optimal outcomes, yet it is commonly accepted that market failure leads to sub-optimal outcomes.
Describe what is meant by the chosen term, give an example, and comment on how prevalent this type of market failure is in the economy.
Describe what is meant by “socially optimal outcomes” according to microeconomic theory
Discuss how and why, when this type of market failure exists, the market fails to reach the socially optimal outcome
Use a supply and demand chart to show 1) the market outcome, 2) the socially optimal outcome, and 3) how they differ in terms of quantities and prices when this type of market failure exists
Discuss what government interventions can be applied to steer the market towards socially preferable outcomes

TASK 1- decide on a PUBLICALLY LISTED company(Option2.1) or choose MACROECONOMIC data (option 2.2) . to analyse stock price of a pubklically listed company – eg Apple, Tesla etc (dont choose these common companies and end up having high plagirism with others. There 55214 publically listed companies in the world. All variables must cover calendar year 2023 at daily frequency (at least 200 observations). You can download the data for Option 1 using Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance, or any other financial database of your choice. As you will be online for the coming weeks the easiest way is to download the data from yahoo finance. TASK 2- Constructing the dataset (I will describe this in detail in the week 7 online lecture class) For your assignment analysis, you must construct a dataset including a continuous dependent variable (?),two continuous independent variables (?1 and ?2 ), and a dummy independent variable (?3 ). You choose any of the options below Option 2.1: Time Series
To perform a time series analysis using Yahoo Finance and Excel with the specified variables, follow these steps:
2.1.1 Download Daily Stock Returns of your selected company (Y)
check this link for video – https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for your chosen company.
Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
Download daily stock price in csv excel 2.1.2 Download Daily Index Return (X1)
check this link for video – https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for a relevant stock market benchmark (e.g., S&P 500) Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
download daily index in csv excel and calculate returns means – apply simple or log returns to the index (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
2.1.3 Download Daily Commodity/Currency Returns: (X2)
check this link for video- https://youtu.be/S39Lx-Lh3fQ?si＝dyGmKTmPeOqG3HKF SAME as above
Go to Yahoo Finance.
Search for a relevant currency or commodity (e.g., USD, oil) Navigate to the ″Historical Data″ tab.
Set the time range to cover the calendar year 2023, daily
download daily currency / commodity in csv excel and calculate returns means returns- apply simple or log returns to the index (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
2.1.4 Create dummy variable: (X3)
Open a spreadsheet in excel
copy the downloaded data (Y, X1, X2)ONLY date and CLOSING PRICES needed into the spreadsheet.
calculate returns of Y, X1, X2 means – apply simple or log returns Yt,X1t and X2t in the format of (pt/Pt-1 or Ln(Pt/pt-1)
create a new column for the dummy variable. Define the criteria for the dummy variable (e.g., positive or negative returns).
Use a formula or coding to assign 1 or 0 to the dummy variable based on the defined criteria.
you are yet to complete the last 2 steps in the weeks lectures so leave that for the time being
Option 2.2: Cross Section Data
check this link for video -How to download data from the World Bank Website(Easy & Quick) (youtube.com)
2.2.1 Download Dependent Variable (?):
Real GDP per capita growth (constant USD) in 2022.
2.2.2 Download Independent Variables:
?1: Log of GDP per capita (constant USD) in 2021.
?2: Macroeconomic indicator (e.g., inflation, unemployment, gross capital formation) in 2022.
?3: Dummy variable based on relevant geographic, development
Steps
Visit World Bank, IMF, or Other Economic Database: Go to the official websites of the World Bank (worldbank.org), IMF (imf.org), or another reputable economic database.
eg: https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx ; https://data.imf.org/?sk＝388dfa60-1d26-4ade-b505-a05a558d9a42
Locate the Databases or Data Repositories: Explore the sections of the websites that provide access to economic indicators and datasets.
Select the Variables: Look for the specific variables needed for your analysis (Real GDP per capita growth, Log of GDP per capita, Macroeconomic indicator for 2022, and relevant dummy variable).
Download Data: Use the data download tools provided on the websites to select the variables and download the dataset.
TASK 3- Section A: Ordinary Least Squares (500 words, 15 marks)
LINEST – https://youtu.be/ghxARow323E?si＝lgaNPl5n37vMXB0B
data analysis tool pack- Excel Regression Analysis through the Toolpak (youtube.com)
Excel Walkthrough 4 – Reading Regression Output (youtube.com)
Briefly discuss the dataset you have constructed and present relevant desсrіptive statistics (3 marks). Provide a concise overview of the dataset, including the variables used in the regression analysis. Mention the source of the data and any preprocessing steps taken. Discuss the size of the dataset, the number of observations, and the countries included.
Present relevant desсrіptive statistics for each variable, such as mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and any other statistics that help describe the central tendency and variability of the data.
Estimate the regression equation ? ＝ ?0 + ?1?1 + ?2?2 + ?3?3 + ? via ordinary least squares (2 marks).
Present the estimated regression equation: ? ＝ ?0 + ?1?1 + ?2?2 + ?3?3 Interpret all regression coefficients (including the constant) and assess their statistical significance using a T-test (4 marks).
Explain the role of each coefficient (?)
Interpret the regression coefficients ?0, ?1, ?2, ?3 in the context of the specific variables they represent. Discuss the expected impact of a one-unit change in each independent variable on the dependent variable.
Discuss the explanatory power of the model using the R-squared and the F-test (2 marks). Statistical Significance using T-test: Perform T-tests for each coefficient to assess their statistical significance. Discuss whether each coefficient is significantly different from zero.
Explanatory Power of the Model: Discuss the R-squared value to assess the proportion of variance explained by the model. Interpret the F-test to evaluate the overall significance of the regression equation.
Briefly explain the implications of documented relationships or lack thereof for theory and practice in context of relevant academic sources (4 marks)
Based on the regression results, discuss the implications for theory and practice. Relate the findings to existing academic sources or economic theories.
Highlight any relationships that are statistically significant and consider the practical implications of these relationships or the lack thereof.
Ensure that each section is presented clearly and concisely, providing enough detail to convey the key insights from the regression analysis and its implications

Some politicians, labor unions, and special interest groups argue that US trade deficits are harmful to the economy and nations that run large trade surpluses with the US are benefiting from unfair trade practices and agreements. These parties support increasing tariffs on imports, elimination, or re-writing of trade agreements.
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
Discuss what credible economists say about the effects that tariffs, changing trade agreements, and/or manipulating exchange rates will have on the total US trade balance.
Do you agree with their assertions? Why or why not? 

Please follow all directions and be sure to do the discussions correctly! Thank you so much! Please submit each discussion with a separate file!
M13: No readings, just use M13 lecture
M14: Chapter 18, “The Markets for the Factors of Production” 18-3b
M15: Chapter 3, “Interdependence and the Gains from Trade” 3-3b, Chapter 9, “Application: International Trade” Full chapter
Here is the link to the book:
https://zalamsyah.staff.unja.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/286/2020/10/Principles-of-Microeconomics-8th-Ed.-GREGORY-MANKIW-1.pdf

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Please write a essay reflecting on the movie Capitalism:  A Love Story.   Choose a country and write a comparative analysis contrasting the United States and your chosen country.  America has long touted it’s stance in the world as a capitalist society, even though it generates enormous wealth disparities and social inequalities.
The following are a list of questions you should answer in your essay:
Of your chosen country, are they communist, socialist, or capitalistic society?  Why does it work for your chosen country?  Or does it? (You can start by defining these terms)
How do we measure up to other industrialized countries? Or not? 
What are the economic factors that sustains your country?
Explain the philosophical ideas of capitalism.  
What is the role of government in a capitalist society? 
What does capitalism have to do with freedom? 
Is capitalism a just social system?
What is the effect of capitalism, socialism, and/or communism on our environment?
What is your country’s economic crutch?
Any geopolitical conflicts hindering your country?
Your written essay must be typed and a minimum of 750 – 1000 words double spaced, one-inch margins, in 12-point font; separate title page and references must be properly cited (APA Style); well written, clearly addressing the issues and validate your arguments and conclusions. For help with your citations, go to www.owl.purdue.edu.
Pictures/maps will enhance your assignments and contribute to your grade but are not included in the page count. All written assignments are due on or before the dates stated in the Course Outline. Assignments submitted after the due date will NOT be accepted unless you have spoken to me prior to due date.
Assignments must be turned in to the assignment tab in Brightspace. I will not accept emailed assignments. Please note, Al and ChatGPT is in existence and is NOT an acceptable substitution for written assignments. Your TURNITIN score should not exceed 15% for copywritten works and 0% for Al.

For this question, please answer the following:
What is the economic definition of GDP? for france
In your own words, what are some of the shortcomings of GDP? In your answer, please provide an explanation to some of the shortcomings you mention, and not just a list of these potential shortcomings. In other words, explain why these are shortcomings of GDP. If there are no shortcomings of GDP, please defend and explain your answer.
2-The planet of Tatooine is a dry desert. Times have been rough since the Rebellion began fighting against the Empire. The current planet demographics are as follows: 105,000 species are under the age of 16, 3,500,000 species are above the age of 16, there are currently 30,000 full-time students on the planet, and 75,000 incarcerated species. The galactic battles have ruined supply chains and resulted in many species losing their jobs. Currently 395,000 species are unemployed. Assume all of America’s definitions are used on Tatooine.
What is the full economic definition of unemployment? provide an incorrect answer
What is the size of Tatooine’s labor force? Show your reasoning (you may show your math or explain the process by which you determined the amount of the labor force. Answers which are just a number may not receive full credit. If you are unable to determine the amount of the labor force, please explain why). cal

Elasticity is the relationship between price and available quantity in an economic market.
Choose any three products. Then classify and describe their price elasticity of demand (relatively inelastic, relatively elastic, perfectly elastic, perfectly inelastic, unitary elastic). Be sure to include three different types of elasticity.
Discuss what happens to demand for each product when there is a price change. With customers in mind, which elasticity applies to your selected business? Explain why did you select this option.