Category: Environmental science

The topic here is Public Green Spaces and Life Quality
Start the first slide with the question: How do public green spaces in urban settings impact life quality in the Puget Sound region, considering their effects on human health and happiness, as well as their role in maintaining water and air quality?
You will then choose maps that help you to answer this question, at least one concept map or system diagram, as well as other visuals and data (make sure to include sources). You’ll add text and figures that explain the link between the maps and help the reader answer the question you’ve posed. You will be asked to include at least one quantitative explanation/comparison in your narrative.
All legends, scales, symbols, etc. are clearly explained or referenced.
Links between the maps are clear, the information from multiple maps is compared, contrasted, or otherwise integrated in the slides
Links between maps and other data are clear – data are used to uphold or explain ideas.
Narrative information:
Text is used to clearly define the question, explain the maps, including their source, setting, interpretation and importance, explain additional data including interpretive information and it’s link to the thesis
The narrative clearly lays out the links between those systems and describes how past or future change in one system has or will impact another.
There is visual and narrative clarity that leads from an introduction of the question and it’s importance to descriptions of the systems and processes we need to understand to answer the question, to the data and maps used, the conclusions drawn and any uncertainties or questions that remain.
References used represent a variety of sources and all are reliable for the information used (i.e. scientific sources are the best for scientific information , while newspapers might be important for event information, and blogs or websites might be useful for opinion information). A list of blogs or websites without known authors will not be a considered a complete reference list.

This is a prior order another writer has listed below; there are 3 pages worth of material already written I just need an update on the paper and also need it extended to 5 pages total. I will leave the paper that has already been written below. Don adds too much new material that isn’t already mentioned. No AI, as there will be a plagiarism checker and AI checker on everything.
1) Title of topic (centered) on page one and must be an environmental issue-related topic
2) Abstract/Introduction with thesis statement in paragraph form.
Bullet Point Format for the aspects stated below:
3) Environmental: Impact on Earth’s natural resources
4) Social: how the issue affects or influences human development
5) Legislation: International, federal, or regional laws that are in existence to combat the issue
6) Economic: What corporations or individuals benefit from this issue? How much $ is made?
7) Conclusion: Future outlook. Is anything being planned to remedy the situation? The conclusion may be written in paragraph form.
8) APA bibliography – This section should include citations and or references from literature you used to complete the outline. Referenced material in your outline must include one from each of the following: 1) book, 2) scientific journal, 3) newspaper, and 4) Internet.
9) The outline is saved as a pdf or jpg.
– The topic prior selected is food waste in California
– Your outline must include an: Introduction, Environmental Aspect, Economic Aspect, Social Aspect and Legislative Aspect, Discussion & Conclusion followed by the Bibliography
– The introduction must include the geographic location of your issue/topic and clearly state the issue.
– Environmental Aspect (Research how your issue is affecting the environment), Economic ($ – how much money is being spent on research, lost to the gov’t, earned by corporations, who pays?), Social (how are people impacted by this environmental issue, job loss or gain, aquaculture food, etc), Legislative (What national or local laws are in place to help with this issue? If none, what laws are being proposed? Write out the name of the law(s), a brief description, and the year passed. Discussion (what are the pros and cons to what you’ve learned?).  Conclusion (future outlook, how may we get involved, etc.).
– The outline should be 5 pages in total (including a bibliography).
Keep most material that was written prior just edit as if needed.

Please answer the essy question and refer to the articles i have attatched. 
Please include alot of the content thats on the POLLINATOR CRISIS PDF that is attatched 

Is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates ecology, geology, biology, chemistry, and physics to study environmental problems and human impacts on the environment(“Britannica”). It plays a vital roles in informing government policies worldwide and addressing challenges such as pollution, climate change, resource management, and conservation. The fields of environmental science emerged from the growing public awareness and concern about environmental issues in the 1960’s and 70’s, emphasizing the need to nderstand the effedts of human actions on the environmental(“Manhattan College”). Environmental scientists analyze various environmental problems, develop solutions, and work in diverse sectors like government, industry, universities, and non-profit organizations. Pursuing a career in environmental science offers opportunities in agriculture, conservation, consulring, education, engineering, law, health, and more, contributing to a sustainable and resilient future (“Environmental Science Degrees, Careers & Green Jobs”). 
Source:
1. Environmental Science | Definiton & Facts | Britannica
2. Environmental Science | Manhattan College
3. Environmental Science Degrees, Careers & Green Jobs

Instructions
Your assignment is too: Print it, Read it, Research it, Annotate it and then write a 5 page paper on it it. What does it mean? How much is it going to cost? What is the intangible cost? This is a report, you do need to cite your sources. I would like it typed, double spaced, and font to be Helvetica or Ariel with 12pt font. This is a large part of what America is going to choose or not choose in a couple months. Some of you are going to participate in it and some will not.
What does this mean for the environment and what does it mean for you and all aspects of life in America: food, recreation, transportation, housing etc..  
Also, for some unexplainable reason there has been a rash in people thinking that it is ok to submit work that is not ones own. This was, is and forever will be plagiarism. This is an academic felony. Don’t plagiarize. Cite your sources. This is college, you are adults. You will be expected to act as such. I am checking and will act in accordance with the IVC catalogue. This also applies to EXAMS they are not a group activity. Clearly, you may use your books and notes. The internet and classmates are not permissible. Granted this is an honor thing.

I need the paper edited and the tables and figures formatted on the Cure1oo tables and figures document. 

Instructions: Answer the essay prompt using the provided sources and listed movies to support the argument made in the essay.
*Please do not use AI or any outside sources to assist you in writing this paper*
Please make explicit references to the provided texts and ideas.  You do not need a works-cited page (since it is all class texts). You can use a modified form of parenthetical citation for this assignment where you do not include publication year or page number (Rolston). 
We have spent a fair bit of time in class deconstructing the concept of wilderness, and the work that wilderness (as an idea) does in environmentalism, in politics, in on-the-ground nature management, and more broadly in US life, both in the past, and in the present. 
Questions to answer in the essay:
– Having done this analysis throughout the semester, please use this essay to think through what aspects of wilderness ideas and practices you think are useful, and which are not (you can answer personally, but also think more broadly for the US, or globally). 
–  What role can/should wilderness play in 21st century environmentalism? 
– What role should it NOT play?  
What will make an essay good or bad are the following: (1) does your essay reflect engagement with a broad spectrum of ideas and texts, including those that work against your argument? (2) does the essay treat these ideas and texts accurately? (3) does the essay exhibit personal thoughtfulness with regards to the topic that extends beyond summary? (4) is the writing and argument clear? 
Movies: 
– “Cree Hunters of Mistassini” (directors: Tony Ianzelo and Bryce
Richardson) [one hour] – http://www.nfb.ca/film/cree_hunters/
– “Get Out” (director: Jordan Peele) [104 minutes] – reserve
– “If a Tree Falls,” (director: Marshall Curry) [85 minutes] – reserve
– “Grizzly Man” 
director: Werner Herzog) (director: Werner Herzog)(director: Werner Herzog)(director: Werner Herzog)
Please situate your writing in the attached course readings, and films, as appropriate to your argument.

Research Title
Evaluating Opportunities to Empower Waste Pickers in the Waste Management Sector of OR
Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape.                                                                                                   Write  Introduction
• Background to the study: Contextualize the research problem.
• Statement of the Problem: Clearly define the problem your research aims to address.
• Research Questions, Aim and Specific Objectives.
• State your research Hypothesis if applicable.
• Rationale or Justification: Explain / discuss the importance of your research, include
its academic contribution and practical relevance.
Literature Review
• Summarize key theories, models, and previous studies relevant to your research
questions / objectives.
• Begin with the international (global), through the continental, down to the national and
local level.
• Highlight / Identify gaps in the existing literature that your research aims to fill.
• Should review, do not re-produce literature.
• Make appropriate subheadings.
Methodology
• Study area description – include the study area map(s) if applicable. Describe the
location, biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of the area.• Research Design: Describe the type of research design (e.g., experimental, survey, case
study).
• Population, Sampling frame, Sample size determination, Sampling procedure –
Detail the selection criteria for participants or data sources.
• Data Collection Methods: Explain how you will gather data (e.g., experiments,
interviews, questionnaires, observations).
• Variables/Measures: Define and describe the variables or constructs being measured.
• Data Analysis Plan: Outline the statistical tools or techniques you will use to analyze
the data.
• Ethical Considerations: Address any ethical issues and how they will be managed,
including any necessary institutional approvals.
Timeframe
• Present a timeline, preferably a Gantt chat, for completing each phase of your research,
from the initial literature review to data collection, analysis, and writing up your findings.
Budget
• Present itemised anticipated costs related to the research, including services like
statistical analysis and language editing. Preferably use a table format. May indicate
potential funding sources.
Chapter outline
• Briefly, in one smooth paragraph, outline the chapters in your dissertation and what
each chapter presents.
References
• List all and only references cited in your proposal, preferrable following the Harvard
referencing format.
Appendices
• Include any additional materials, such as a copy of questionnaire, interview questions,
observation schedules, letters of consent/permission, ethical clearance and detailed
tables or charts, as applicable.
Some hints:
• Clarity and Precision: Use clear and concise language throughout your proposal.
Ensure that each section demonstrates the feasibility and academic value of your
research project.
• Feasibility: Consider the scope of your project. It should be achievable within the
timeframe and resources available.• Alignment: All sections of your proposal should align with each other. Make sure that
your methods are able to address the research questions or test the hypotheses you
have stated.sal 

QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the conditions before our planet earth was born. (1 mark). How and when was
earth’s moon formed? (1 mark).
There is sun before our earth is born, but its surrounded by dust and rocks and there is no clue of life existing. The whole solar system is chaotic and filled with gas and dust. However, the solar nebula is gradually condensing which forms the primary model of the solar system. After that, the solar dust and gas collide and merge with each other, then creating larger body of planets. 
The Earth’s moon is primarily considered as born 4.5 million years ago. 
According to the giant-impact model, there are two body collide in the early earth. (How did the moon form? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-did-the-moon-form.html)  These two body which is Earth and Theia they become one body and part of it spin and becomes moon of the earth. People tend to consider Earth and Theia comes from the same place and having the same ingredients in the beginning. This also explains why the Earth and Moon have the similar mineral ingredients and the Moon tells us a lot about what is happening to Earth 4 million years ago. 
2. What are stromatolites? (1 mark). Why are they considered significant in shaping our
planet? (1 mark).
Stromatolites is originally comes from accumulation of carbon compounds and captured by cyanobacteria which along with photosynthesis. The existing of  cyanobacteria can be considered as the first life form with photosynthesis which brings the boom of oxygen level in the earth which builds the foundation of more complex oxygen based life beings. Its changing the earth environment and make it more hospitalize to life in nowadays. 
Stromatolites cyanobacteria and Oxygen. Fossils Facts and Finds.com. (n.d.). https://www.fossils-facts-and-finds.com/stromatolites.html
3. Dragonflies, spiders, and other bugs that we see today, were the first creatures to crawl in the land. In what way were they different from today’s bugs and why? (1 mark).
The first is the size, as mentioned before, the oxygen level in million years ago is way much higher which makes these bugs have larger size and brings them greater respiratory efficiency. 
Secondly, in order to adapt harsh environment at that time, most of these insects are having really hard, thick shell to protect them from damage of nature disasters. 
Thirdly is there habit, those insects are mostly produce their eggs in dark and moisture places to prevent them from drying out and we still can see that from nowadays. 
4. How was ozone gas formed around planet earth? (1 mark). Why is it considered a
significant event in the formation of earth’s climate? (1 mark).
Ozone gas (O₃) was formed around planet Earth through the interaction of oxygen molecules (O₂) with ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun. In the upper atmosphere, particularly in the stratosphere, UV light splits some oxygen molecules into individual oxygen atoms. These free oxygen atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone. This process is part of the natural oxygen cycle in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Ozone formation is considered a significant event in the formation of Earth’s climate because it plays a critical role in shielding the surface of the Earth from the Sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. By absorbing the majority of the sun’s high-energy UV light, the ozone layer prevents these rays from reaching the surface, protecting living organisms from genetic damage and other harmful effects. This protective layer made it possible for life to develop and thrive on land, influencing the evolution of biological diversity on Earth and helping to stabilize the planet’s climate.
5. One and half billion years ago, mysterious forces hidden beneath the surface was shaping our planet. What were the processes at work and how did they shape our planet? (2 marks).
About one and a half billion years ago, the key geological processes at work beneath the Earth’s surface included plate tectonics and volcanic activity. These processes were crucial in shaping the planet’s surface and its environment.
Plate Tectonics: The movement of Earth’s lithospheric plates over the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them drove the formation and rearrangement of continents and oceans. This movement led to phenomena such as the creation of mountain ranges through continental collision, the opening and closing of oceanic basins, and the formation of deep ocean trenches and mid-ocean ridges. Plate tectonics also influenced the distribution of various climatic zones and helped facilitate cycles of supercontinents such as Rodinia, which is believed to have existed around that time.
Volcanic Activity: Associated with plate boundaries and hotspots, volcanic activity contributed to the formation of new crust and the emission of gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor, which are critical for the greenhouse effect that regulates Earth’s temperature. Volcanism also played a role in the chemical differentiation of the Earth’s surface, leading to the formation of diverse rock and mineral types.
These processes not only molded the physical landscape of Earth but also had profound impacts on its atmospheric composition and climate, setting the stage for later biological evolution.
6. Approximately 4 million years ago, explain what conditions led to human evolution and
migration out of Africa? (2 marks)
Approximately 4 million years ago, the conditions that led to human evolution and the eventual migration out of Africa were primarily driven by climatic changes and environmental factors.
**Climatic Changes:** The Earth underwent significant climatic fluctuations around 4 million years ago, with patterns of gradual cooling and drying. These changes altered the African landscape, transforming dense forests into mixed woodlands and grasslands. This shift forced our early ancestors to adapt to new environments, leading to evolutionary changes. For example, bipedalism (walking upright on two legs) is thought to have developed as a means to move more efficiently across open landscapes, which allowed for better heat regulation, wider visual surveillance, and energy-efficient long-distance travel.
**Environmental Factors:** The changing environments created new challenges and opportunities, including diverse diets and new ecological niches. As forests receded, early humans had to travel longer distances to gather food, which fostered improvements in locomotion and increased brain size for better tool use, social interaction, and problem-solving skills. These adaptations were crucial for survival and facilitated cultural and technological innovations.
These evolutionary advancements not only allowed early humans to thrive in various African environments but also equipped them with the skills necessary for migration. As populations grew and climates continued to change, humans began migrating out of Africa in search of new territories, which they were now more adept at colonizing due to their advanced tool use and social structures. This migration was a gradual process that occurred over thousands of years, leading to the eventual global distribution of human populations.
7. What are the three major events that created and shaped our planet as we know it today?
(4 marks) Hint: The documentary explicitly states the most important event that helped
create our planet, please discuss the event, followed by two other important events, based
on your opinion.
The three major events that have significantly created and shaped our planet as we know it today are:
1. **The Formation of the Moon:** Around 4.5 billion years ago, a Mars-sized body collided with the early Earth. This catastrophic event led to the formation of the Moon, which is believed to have played a crucial role in stabilizing Earth’s axis and moderating its climate, enabling a more stable environment that favored the evolution of life. The Moon’s gravitational pull also influences Earth’s tides, which have implications for marine life and weather patterns.
2. **The Great Oxygenation Event:** Approximately 2.4 billion years ago, photosynthesizing cyanobacteria began releasing oxygen as a byproduct, leading to the Great Oxygenation Event. This significant increase in atmospheric oxygen drastically changed the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the oceans, leading to the oxidation of iron and the precipitation of banded iron formations. It also enabled the development of the ozone layer, which protected living organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation, paving the way for more complex life forms to evolve.
3. **The Development of Plate Tectonics:** The process of plate tectonics, which began more than 3 billion years ago but became well-established by about 2 billion years ago, has had a profound impact on the planet’s landscape, climate, and biological diversity. The movement of tectonic plates has resulted in the formation and breakup of continents, the creation of mountain ranges, and the regulation of carbon dioxide through weathering processes. These dynamics have influenced climate patterns, ocean currents, and the distribution of life on Earth.
These events, each unique and powerful, have interactively shaped the Earth, affecting its physical structure, atmosphere, and life forms, ultimately creating the complex and dynamic planet we live on today.

Goal
Understand what the bill H.Res.109 is.
Describe what’s at stake.
Evaluate the support and criticism of the Green New Deal.
Know the investment in a Green New Deal economy. 
Analyze and apply the components needed to develop and put in effect the Green New Deal.
Students will research information about the Green New Deal.
Students will write a paper research paper on the Green New Deal.
The Green New Deal (GND) is a proposed package of United States legislation that aims to address climate change and economic inequality. The name refers back to the New Deal, a set of social and economic reforms and public works projects undertaken by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression. The Green New Deal combines Roosevelt’s economic approach with modern ideas such as renewable energy and resource efficiency.
In the 116th United States Congress, it is a pair of resolutions, House Resolution 109 and S. Res. 59, sponsored by Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA). On March 25, 2019, Markey’s resolution failed to advance in the U.S. Senate in a margin of 0–57, with most Senate Democrats voting “present” in protest of an early vote called by Republicans. There is consistently high support among Democrats for the proposal, whereas almost all Republicans are in opposition.
The document is written here: H. RES. 109 – https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hres109/BILLS-116hres109ih.pdfLinks to an external site.
Instructions
Your assignment is too: Print it, Read it, Research it, Annotate it and then write a 5 page paper on it it. What does it mean? How much is it going to cost? What is the intangible cost? This is a report, you do need to cite your sources. I would like it typed, double spaced, and font to be Helvetica or Ariel with 12pt font. 
There will be an open discussion board for this topic, as part of the assignment. You are assigned to make no fewer than three initial postings and respond to no fewer than 5 of your classmates postings or comments. I expect intellectual, spirited, meaningful engagement. Use this as part of formulation for your paper. 
This is a large part of what America is going to choose or not choose in a couple months. Some of you are going to participate in it and some will not.
What does this mean for the environment and what does it mean for you and all aspects of life in America: food, recreation, transportation, housing etc..  
Also, for some unexplainable reason there has been a rash in people thinking that it is ok to submit work that is not ones own. This was, is and forever will be plagiarism. This is an academic felony. Don’t plagiarize. Cite your sources. This is college, you are adults. You will be expected to act as such. I am checking and will act in accordance with the IVC catalogue. This also applies to EXAMS they are not a group activity. Clearly, you may use your books and notes. The internet and classmates are not permissible. Granted this is an honor thing.
Attached is the link: https://www.imperial.edu/files/2019/Institutional%20Self-Evaluation%20Report/I.C/IC8-03_Catalog_p37_Cheating_Plagiarism.pdf