Category: Healthcare

Questions: 
Some health care reform advocates believe that “the market” should play the central role in the financing, payment, and/or delivery of health care services. Evaluate this claim.
Commentators on both the political right and left tend to portray the U.S. healthcare system as unique (for good or ill) compared with government-financed systems in all other economically advanced democracies. Joseph White describes the “international standard” set by other countries. Do they all use roughly the same model of health care system financing? Describe two ways in which the U.S. system deviates from the international standard and their effects.
Instructions:
In your answers, please be sure to make full, appropriate, and explicit (cited) use of the course materials where appropriate so that I can see how you are utilizing the course. I would avoid quoting directly from the readings, and instead simply use your own words cogently and cite specific readings and lectures/discussions as they provide the conceptual or empirical support for your essays. If you do have direct quotations, be absolutely certain to use quotation marks and provide citations with page numbers.
Your charge is to develop the most effective answer possible, balancing the space constraints with the body of available course material.
For the purposes of this midterm examination, you may cite the course readings by simply providing parenthetically the last names of authors, the dates of their publications, and the page numbers (e.g., Daniels 2008, 37). If you are citing something we discussed in class, use this format and the date (e.g., Lecture, April 15, 2024). For this particular assignment, don’t worry about providing a separate bibliography—the syllabus will serve that function. For your answers please use only the materials presented in the course.     
Length: Answer each question separately. Each question has an absolute maximum of 600 words. Please use your software to count the words and report the total. The parenthetical references to course materials don’t count toward the word limit, so exclude them from the 600 words for each essay.
Citations: You want to make it clear to us that you are using the course materials, so be sure to cite all readings and lectures that you use to support the analysis in your presentations. Again, use author/data/page number parenthetical references (e.g., Starr 1992, 12)  

Your Financial Strategies Summary provides organization executives with reasons why they should approve financial strategies for your sustainability initiative plan. It demonstrates your ability to critically think through financial strategy development and presents your financial petition to leadership for resources for implementation. 
Prepare the Financial Strategies Summary for your sustainability initiative plan in 6 to 8 pages. 
Include the following in your plan:
A brief summary of your sustainability initiative proposal
A minimum of 3 financial strategies to fund implementation of your initiative
An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of each of your financial strategies for implementation of your initiative
An evaluation of how each of the following impacts those financial strategies within your initiative:
Proposed community partnerships
Proposed waste reduction efforts
Proposed improved patient care outcomes
Petition to the leadership for approval of your financial strategies to enact the initiative
Cite 3 reputable references to support your assignment (e.g., trade or industry publications, government or agency websites, scholarly works, or other sources of similar quality). 
Format your references according to APA guidelines.
Submit your assignment.

Outbreak Investigation
On February 7, 2018, a nurse employed at the Flinn Corporation noticed an increase in the number of employees who were sick. She was concerned that there may be a Salmonella outbreak at the company. She has interviewed each of the employees at the corporation. She has taken samples and sent them out for testing but has not received the results. She asks you, the local epidemiologist, to investigate to see if an outbreak exists and if so what the source of the outbreak is. You follow the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s steps in outbreak investigation https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/outbreaks/steps/detection.html) and report your findings to her. Please note that we will not address all outbreak investigation steps in this assignment.  Here is an additional resource on epidemiology, https://www.cdc.gov/training/publichealth101/epidemiology.html
Use the attached Excel worksheet to produce graphs and statistics to answer the questions below. Submit your report as a Word doc and include figures and tables you generate. The report should be easy to follow and interpret and should be written as an academic paper in proper APA formatting.  This paper should be 8-10 pages in length (not including the title page, abstract or references.  The paper should also include properly formatted tables and graphs of the data you are given (please refer to the week 7 learning material on formatting tables and graphs), as well as, the data you analyzed.
1. Look at the Excel Spreadsheet attached. There are 3 worksheets (see tabs on bottom of page – “Nurse’s Interview”, “Epi Curve”, “Retrospective Cohort Study”). The first sheet “Nurse’s Interview” has a line list of employees who work at Flinn Corporation. This sheet represents the data the nurse has collected from those employees in an interview. Do you think that an outbreak exists? Why would you recommend to further investigate? Discuss your reasoning. (Step 2: Establish outbreak)
2. Research salmonellosis using academic sources. Are the symptoms that the ill employees exhibit consistent with salmonellosis? Provide a brief summary (1-2 paragraphs) of the disease and discuss the chain of infection for this disease. Use in-text citations in proper APA format and include all sources in your reference section. (Step 3: Verify diagnosis)
3. Identify the percentage of ill employees with each symptom. For example, 1 out of 12 ill employees had blood in stool (Bs) = 8.3%. (Step 4: Working case definition)
4. Conduct descriptive epidemiology (Step 6). Describe the characteristics of the ill employees to determine trends and risk factors.
a. Person – Calculate the percentage of ill employees that are male/female. Determine the mean age of the ill employees.
b. Place – What percentage of ill employees ate at the cafeteria? What percentage of well employees ate at the cafeteria?
c. Time – Using the data collected in the Nurse’s Interview, fill in the column “# of cases” in the “Epi Curve” worksheet. Use 0 if there are no cases. As you fill in the data, the graph will automatically generate. Choose an appropriate title for the graph. Copy and paste graph into your report. What type of epidemic curve is it ? (Hint: read https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/outbreaks/steps/detection.html)
5. Based on the information you have gathered, you have developed an hypothesis that there is a food being served at the cafeteria that is causing the employees to become ill. You need to further test this hypothesis by conducting a retrospective cohort study (Step 8). Use the worksheet “Retrospective Cohort Study” to calculate attack rates and risk ratios. The first food item Baked Chicken is done for you. You can also consult https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/outbreaks/steps/detection.html for help. Report the Risk ratio for each food item. Based on risk ratios, which is food is most likely to be the source of the illness? Explain.
6. Based on your findings, what would you recommend for prevention and control measures? Apply food safety principles from academic sources to discuss further prevention of Salmonella outbreaks in the cafeteria. (Step 11) Use in-text citations and include sources in reference section.
7. Include a properly formatted reference section in APA format that includes at least 3 academic sources (popular sources should not be used).
8.  Tips for writing your paper:  Include the entire table of risk ratios and attack rates as one table, make sure to include the graph of cases reported, and you can also include the tables from the Nurses interview in the attached Excel file

As the manager of a health care facility, you have been notified of your parent organization’s plan to implement a database management system beginning with your facility. List and identify the standards development process for formalizing this system. Identify the steps that you will require to initialize this system.
Write a 1–2-page paper (not including the title and reference pages). Use APA style and cite references published within the last 5 years.

Module 03 Content
Are you ready to present the policies for your two compliance plans in a way that all employees will understand at a large medical facility where you are the Compliance Officer?
In 4-page paper describe the policies for each of the two compliance plans.
Break each policy section into 2 pages each.
Remember to support your policies for the two plans with a total of three research sources, cited at the end in APA format. (That’s 1-2 research sources per plan).
Then, summarize your plan in a 5-8 slide PowerPoint presentation.
Polices you should consider covering for each plan come under the key compliance elements:
Compliance Standards
High-Level (personal) Responsibility
Education
Communication
Monitoring/Auditing (for Safety)
Enforcement/Discipline
Response/Prevention
Look these over in your research, and then select just two of these key elements and write your policies under them for each of your two compliance plans. (Your policies for each plan can zero in on different key elements.)
Example:
A compliance plan about washing hands between patients might describe policies for High Level (personal) Responsibility and Monitoring/Auditing (for Safety)
A compliance plan about charging patients for Diabetes Management Education as a Physician Visit might describe policies for Compliance Standards and Enforcement/Discipline.

Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Writing CenterLinks to an external site. ’s APA StyleLinks to an external site. resource for each case study.
Must include a separate title page for each case study with the following:
Title of paper including the chapter number and case study title
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted
Recommend where would you start to improve the user experience.
Pharmacists are asking for your help due to struggles with non-integrated systems. What methods would you use to examine this issue?
Describe how usability should be incorporated as part of the purchasing process for this institution.
case study 1A tertiary care center in the western United States has aninstalled base of EHRs supported by Cerner Corporation forinpatient areas and by Epic for outpatient areas. Other technol-ogy includes a suite of about 300 different applications sup-ported by the IT department. The current environment,while including robust capabilities such as computerized pro-vider order entry, is“siloed”with information. Healthcare pro-viders complain that they have difficulty obtaining the“bigpicture”of the patient across systems and they have to remem-ber information located in disparate systems. They are bur-dened with integrating information themselves. Not only isthis time consuming; it is potentially prone to error. Providershave developed numerous workarounds to the different sys-tems in ambulatory and inpatient areas, including“shadow”files for patients they see frequently. Nurses complain that theyhave to“jump around”the inpatient system to find informationthey need for activities such as patient handoffs.The organization responds by developing a vision for thefuture that centered on the concept of knowledge manage-ment (KM). This concept is defined as the systematic processof identifying, capturing, and transferring information andknowledge that people can use to create, compete (with otherorganizations), and improve. A crucial aspect of KM isimproving the user experience. As the leaders in the organi-zation begin to address KM and improve the user experience,they are employing the same tactics described in this chapter.  case 2  Chapter 24:
Assuming that you are the clinical content manager leading reporting efforts, recommend the approach you would take to address the reporting problem.
Describe how the effort of changing preadmission testing data collection from paper to the Electronic Health Record System (EHR) can be approached.
Using Patient Safety and Quality Research Design (PSQRD) methodology, identifying area of quality improvement in the hospital setting, recommend a process plan and identify the expected outcomes.
Western Heights Hospital (WHH) is a 1125-bed, 5-hospitalacademic healthcare system servicing central and westernMassachusetts. WHH is the only designated Level I TraumaCenter for adults and children in the area and is home toNew England’s first hospital-based air ambulance and theregion’s only Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Center.WHH launched a 5-year strategic plan with a fundamentalgoal of a system-wide move from a predominately paperenvironment to an electronic one. Phase I includedimplementation of an EHR system consisting of order entryfor all laboratory, radiology, and patient care orders. Addi-tionally, clinical documentation was implemented, includ-ing admission assessments and all nursing flow sheets.The nursing informatics counsel, a 25-member group ofnurses representing all disciplines, developed the clinicalcontent. The clinical content was custom built using bothfree text and structured data entry fields within theapplication Three months after go-live, hospital leadership is reportingthat it is unable to report on various state and federally man-dated quality measures. These measures track healthcare qual-ity based on national standards, are compared to nationallyaccepted benchmarks, and are used to plan ways to improvequality. Leadership has communicated that the reports gener-ated by the system are incomplete and are putting the hospitalat financial risk due to lower reimbursement rates.Clinicians are eager and excited to continue to developcontent in the application. However, the project’s programmanager is proposing a stabilization and optimizationapproach and does not want to go forward with contentdevelopment until the issue of reporting has been assessedand addressed

Answer each questions with 700 words or more with at least 2 references.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of involving the intended audience or population in the community health assessment? 
Review the five perspectives for community health assessment in Table 3-3 (I have attached a picture of this table). Sometimes one perspective dominates, but more often, planners use a combination of approaches.  Describe a situation where two or more perspectives would be valuable. Which perspectives would you use in that situation and why?
Imagine that you are part of a community health assessment and planning group. Your group believes it is important to know the rate of type 2 diabetes for whites, blacks, and Hispanics in the three census tracts being assessed. However, the only publicly available data are the county statistics that are not broken down by race or ethnicity. How would you respond to the group’s, request for information about type 2 diabetes for whites, blacks, and Hispanics in the three census tracts?
words or more

Prior to beginning work on this assignment,
Review the following:
Chapter 9 from the course textbook, Dessler, G. Human Resource Management.
The Harvard Business Review article – The Performance Management RevolutionLinks to an external site. by Peter Cappelli and Anna Tavis.
Please review the following excerpt from the Article, “Reimagining the Performance Review” by Theresa Agovino
After an annual review that lasted about 10 minutes, a New Jersey-based account coordinator knew it was time to leave the public relations agency where he had worked for almost a year. The 25-year-old, who requested anonymity, asked for the meeting because his boss hadn’t mentioned any formal assessment process, nor had his manager ever critiqued his work. The coordinator says he sat with a trio of senior executives who didn’t ask him any questions beyond how he would rate himself. He says they ignored his requests for guidance on how to advance at the agency.
“What I was really looking for was feedback from them on how I can improve, how I can establish myself at that agency,” he says. “At the end of it, there was no mention of next steps. I was very much in the dark.”
His story is an all-too-typical example of the problems with performance reviews. Now more than ever, employees want to know where they stand and how to further their careers, but most organizations do not effectively deliver that information.
For this assignment, you will assume the role of the HR Director.
The Reimagining the Performance Appraisal Process Review paper should:
Compare and contrast the pros and cons of four performance appraisal tools.
Describe potential appraisal error problems that can arise in the healthcare industry.
Discuss how to address potential appraisal error problems that manifest during the appraisal process in the healthcare industry.
The Reimagining the Performance Appraisal Process Review paper:
must be three to five double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages and formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA Formatting for Microsoft WordLinks to an external site. resource.
must include a separate title page with the following in title case:
title of page in bold font
Space should appear between the title and the rest of the information on the title page.
student’s name
name of institution (The University of Arizona Global Campus)
course name and number
instructor’s name
due date
must utilize academic voice. Review the Academic VoiceLinks to an external site. resource for additional guidance.
must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph.
Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
For assistance on writing Introductions & ConclusionsLinks to an external site. and Writing a Thesis StatementLinks to an external site., refer to the Writing Center resources.
must use at least three scholarly or peer-reviewed sources published in the past 5 years in addition to the course text.
The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible SourcesLinks to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source.
To assist you in completing the research required for this assignment, review Quick and Easy Library ResearchLinks to an external site. tutorial, which introduces the University of Arizona Global Campus Library and the research process, and provides some library search tips.
must document any information used from sources in APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center’s APA: Citing Within Your PaperLinks to an external site. guide.
must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA StyleLinks to an external site. as outlined in the Writing Center.
Review the APA: Formatting Your References ListLinks to an external site. resource in the Writing Center for specifications.
Carefully review the Grading RubricLinks to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

The initial report should be no more than 100-150 words, reply to classmate,  no more than 50-75 words. Please cite resource.

DIFFICULT DECISIONS
Review the following case study and address the questions that follow:
The plaintiff, Bonita Perkins, in Perkins v. Lavin, was a Jehovah’s Witness. She gave birth to a baby at the defendant’s hospital. After going home, she began hemorrhaging and               returned to the hospital. She specifically informed the defendant’s employees that she     was not to be provided any blood or blood derivatives, and she signed a form to that        effect:
I request that no blood or blood derivatives be administered to [plaintiff] during this           hospitalization, notwithstanding that such treatment may be deemed necessary in the     opinion of the attending physician or his assistants to preserve life or promote recovery. I  release the attending physician, his assistants, the hospital, and its personnel from any       responsibility for any untoward results due to my refusal to permit the use of blood or its  derivatives.
Because of the plaintiff’s condition, it became necessary to perform an emergency             dilation and curettage. She continued to bleed, and her condition deteriorated                    dramatically. Her blood count dropped, necessitating administration of blood products as a lifesaving measure. Her husband, who was not a Jehovah’s Witness, consented to a        blood transfusion, which was administered. The plaintiff recovered and filed an action       against the defendant for assault and battery. The plaintiff’s claim as to assault and          battery was sustained.
The plaintiff specifically informed the defendant that she would consider a blood                  transfusion as offensive contact. Although both parties noted that the plaintiff’s husband  provided his consent for the transfusion, the defendant had not argued that his consent   was sufficient to overcome the plaintiff’s direction that she was not to receive a                    transfusion. The plaintiff submitted sufficient evidence to the trial court to establish that      there was, at least, a genuine issue as to whether the defendant intentionally invaded her  right to be free from offensive contact. Because of the plaintiff’s recognition that the           defendant acted to save her life, a jury may find that she is entitled to only nominal            damages.
Tasks:
Should the court be the ultimate decision maker when there is a dispute over whether a lifesaving measure should be administered to a nonconsenting patient? Explain.
Should a parent have the right to refuse a lifesaving treatment (e.g., transfusion) for a minor? Explain.
To support your work, use your course and textbook readings. As in all assignments, cite    your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. Please     add  precise conclusion. 
Additional Reading:
Title:
Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals
Authors:
George D. Pozgar
Edition/Copyright:
4th edition; 2016
Publisher:
Jones & Bartlett Learning
ISBN:
9781284036794
Autonomy: Recognizing the right of individuals to make their own decisions without interference from another
Beneficence: Recognizing the principle of showing kindness and compassion to others and doing good
Nonmaleficence: Recognizing the importance to avoid causing harm and to avoid options that provide no short- or long-term benefits