Category: History

This week’s Civil Discourse Forum will focus on leadership themes embedded in Abraham Lincoln’s inaugural address. Fully and meaningfully address the prompts below in your main response.  
First, review the resources provided on Authentic Servant Leadership in the course, the syllabus page on Authentic Servant Leadership, and read President Abraham Lincoln’s inaugural address (found in CH 15) and Hubbard’s article. Lincoln’s actions during the American Civil War are often cited as prime examples of servant leadership behavior (Hubbard, 2011). What does his argument about preservation of the Union say about his character as a leader? Why does this particular argument qualify as servant leadership? What is at least one word or phrase you might use to describe any positive authentic servant leadership qualities he may possess (examples may include empathy; ethics before profit, inspiring vision; flexibility; humility; foresight; empowering others; etc.). Use textual evidence to support your answer. Remember to make sure your examples are in historical context by highlighting the qualities and then providing an historical example of how and when Abraham Lincoln exemplified those qualities. 
Corbett, P. S., Janssen, V., Lund, J. M., Pfannestiel, T. J., Waskiewicz, S.,  & Vickery, P. S. (2014). U.S. History. Houston, TX: OpenStax, Rice University. 
Hubbard, C.M. (May 31, 2011). Lincoln as a servant leader http://lincolninstitute.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/lincoln-as-a-servant-leader/.

Mythology played a central role in the everyday lives of the Greeks and Romans, influencing their cultural practices, social norms, and even political strategies. This significant influence of mythology was manifested in several key areas:
Educational Tool: For the Greeks and Romans, mythology was not just a collection of stories, but a teaching tool used extensively in the education of children and the general populace. Myths were employed to instill moral values and teach lessons about bravery, wisdom, and virtue. Stories of heroes and gods provided models of behavior and helped to communicate societal values and expectations.
Religious Practices: Mythology was deeply intertwined with the religious life of these civilizations. Each god and goddess had their own set of myths, which explained their origins, personalities, and relationships with other deities and humans. These stories were integral to the worship practices, festivals, and rituals dedicated to various deities. Understanding these myths was essential for participating in the religious life of the community.
Political Influence: Mythology also had a profound impact on the politics of ancient Greece and Rome. Leaders and politicians would often invoke myths or liken themselves to mythological heroes to legitimize their actions or claim divine favor. For example, Roman emperors were known to associate themselves with gods to solidify their authority and divine right to rule.
Art and Culture: Mythology heavily influenced Greek and Roman art and literature. Artists and poets drew upon well-known mythological themes and characters, creating sculptures, paintings, and literary works that were both educational and entertaining. This cultural production helped to perpetuate the myths and ensure that they remained a vital part of the cultural consciousness.
Philosophical and Ethical Discussions: Philosophers in both cultures frequently referenced mythology to illustrate philosophical arguments or explore ethical dilemmas. Myths provided a framework for discussing abstract concepts and were often used in philosophical dialogues to make complex ideas more accessible.
Overall, mythology was not merely a backdrop but a vital component of daily life in ancient Greece and Rome, shaping their worldviews and influencing every aspect of their societies from education to politics.

Select ONE of the following questions and write a concise essay that directly responds to the question being asked. Develop a typed, double-spaced, and proofread MINIMUM 5 full pages. MAXIMUM 7 pages(Don’t count Works Cited page or a Title page), 12 font- 1″ margins, and numbered pages). Don’t use a separate title page. Remember to support your opinion with multiple persuasive evidence/examples from class reading assignments. Argue your point with conviction; like a lawyer in a courtroom! Assume the reader of your essay has already taken History 17. Thus, don’t write a short history or summary.
A thesis is a controlled argument. A thesis is a statement that reflects what you have concluded about specific topics based on critical analysis and interpretation of the source materials you have examined. A thesis is NOT a question or announcement about what topic you are examining.
Academic Integrity:
Plagiarized assignments and exams will receive a zero. Shared assignments and assignments copied from other students’ assignments will result in zeroes for all parties involved. If you are using ideas or phrases that are not your own, such as cutting and pasting from a website or textbook, you must cite the original author. When in doubt, it is always better to cite. A good site on how to avoid plagiarism is: https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/plagiarism.htmlLinks to an external site.
Artificial Intelligence programs like Chat GPT & Google Bard are not used in this course and students are strongly urged to avoid using them. It is expected that all submitted work, Discussion assignments and the final exam essay, will be the student’s own original work created without the aid of any artificial intelligence or other supports. Written assignments will be submitted electronically via “Turnitin” on Canvas. “Turnitin” and other programs I use, screen for plagiarism and report AI use and alert me to the percentage of material generated by AI.
All Assignments detected as AI written, will receive a Zero (0).
Use MLA format.  Underline your thesis statement. POST your essay on “Turn It In Link” located on “Modules” link. NO late papers after Thursday May 16th at 6pm will be accepted. 
The time period for the final exam topics is between 1920-2014. 2014 is the end date of your textbook. Assume the reader has already taken History 17. Therefore, don’t write a short history of the topic you select.
1.During the 20th century there have been numerous attempts to reform American society. Select ONE of the following reform eras: Progressive Era, New Deal Era or Great Society era. Discuss reform movement’s specific goals and objectives. What were the main accomplishments, shortcomings and failures? Provide specific examples/government programs and legislation. Do you believe overall the reform era you selected successful in achieving its goals? Why?
2.Defend or challenge the following Statement:  “Between 1945 and 2014 the United States was an imperialist country determined to crush any resistance to its desire to obtain American economic, political, and strategic hegemony worldwide.” Provide multiple specific historical examples to support or challenge this claim by “Radical” historians. Discussion of “Radical” historians can be found in my power point presentation on Vietnam War and the essay by Loren Barritz focusing on why the US “lost” the Vietnam War.
3. Defend or refute the following statement: “By 2014 American women and racial and ethnic minorities have essentially FAILED to achieve their specific goals focusing on empowerment and greater opportunities for themselves.” Defend or refute this statement by examining the goals, methods, and results of THREE social groups between 1950-2012. Provide specific examples.
4. How has organized protest or rebellion been part of U. S. life and politics between 1920-2014? Compare and contrast the efforts of THREE of the following: of labor, individual-rights, peace and environmental activists and provide specific historical examples of their methods of protest and results of their protests.
5.What impact did specific Supreme Court decisions have on American society between 1920-2014? Briefly discuss background on Three to Four specific cases and analyze the impact these cases had on the economy, politics, and social/race relations. Which Supreme Court Case do you believe had the biggest impact on American society between 1920-2014? Your thesis should revolve around the answer to this question. Explain Why a particular case is more important than the other two selected. Material for this question can be found at internet sites that provide a summary and analysis of the cases.

Please review the attached PDF file for a detailed list of the requirements for writing this discussion post.

Prompt: How united or divided were colonists in their views on independce, based on the   debates and responses represented in these documents? How do these sources add complexity to the common perception of American colonist as being united for revolution?      What do they reveal?  
In this essay, incorparate and cite BOTH the American Yawp textbook (link) and at least one revelent supplementary source, ( NO youtube, PBS, Wikipedia, history.com, or anything ending in .org,  NOS, NPR, whitehouse.gov, or news sations.)
SEE ATTACHMENT : 
2 pages- double space- 12 font  
https://www/americanyawp.com/text/05-the-american-revolution/
Turnitin will check for your similarity, please review your similarity and make changes where needed. Turnitin also checks for Artificial Intelligence.  Make sure in Word you are only using the check spelling function. Also make sure you don’t use any online writing helpers such as Grammarly, ChatGPT etc.  As per my syllabus any percentage of Artificial Intelligence can result in a zero for the paper and there will be no rewriting of papers once the due date has passed. 

1. Summarize each chapter in a separate paragraph.
2. Write two paragraphs from the Additional Sources (Include all the Additional Sources including articles, online websites and/or videos). Don’t forget the Chicano! videos.
3. Write a paragraph about the the feminist movement, comparing the rights women had in the 70’s and compare them to today. Research and use information that is factual and comes from reliable sources. Not all sources on the internet are reliable. If you write that women are treated equally to men today, I will give you an F for the assignment!! If you write that all feminists hate men and are ruining the US, I will give you an F for the essay!! Don’t write it if you can’t prove it!

In no less than 500 words, answer the following:
Define and describe the Cold War. How did the United States and Soviet Union seek to influence the postwar political order in Europe?

I will copy and paste the instructions given by my professor. Please follow all instructions.
INSTRUCTIONS:
You are a Texas Senator on a three person Senate Committee on Education. The committee has
been given an extra $2 million by the Comptroller of Public Accounts who shows that there has
been a significant increase in tax revenue in the state. The money will go toward college
scholarships in public universities. The committee’s job is to decide on proper allocation of the
funds and make a recommendation to the full Senate.
Senator Rawls represents an economically challenged portion of urban Dallas. Senator Rawls
grew up in this neighborhood and expresses that poor people are the individuals most in need,
and that all extra resources should go to those most in need. Senator Rawls recommends that all
scholarships be need based. Senator Bentham represents and was raised in an upper middle class
portion of Houston. Senator Bentham says the money should go to the students who are
excellent high school students who want to major in STEM fields. Senator Bentham says the
investment will produce and overall healthier society and that ability to succeed in college in an
important field is more import than being in personal need because the investment is more likely
to produce more overall good in things like medical procedures, drugs, and infrastructure.
You are the third and deciding vote. In 300-400 words, explain the following in the order
outlined by the numbers below:
1. What is your decision on how to distribute the money?
2. Rawls (give to those most in need) and Bentham (give to those who will give the most back)
explain their basis of decision making in justifying their decision. Explain the basis of your
decision. Justify your decision. What will this mean in future decisions that you make as a
legislator? What are the pros and cons of your decision making process?
3. What about general experiences in your life caused you to have the core beliefs to make your
decision?
Finds 3 outside resources, either academic op-eds or journal articles, supporting your viewpoint.
When citing these sources, please include a bibliography in the Chicago style. Be sure to convey
who your source is, and why they are a relevant expertise?

In at least two well-developed paragraphs (and a paragraph is at least five to seven sentences) discuss 
There are hundreds of letters from soldiers on both sides of this war kept online for people like you and me to view and explore.  Go and find one soldier’s letters and explore what they believe are the causes of this war and what they believe they are fighting to preserve, change, or correct.  Present your sources as well as your own conclusions about what they are saying and what soldiers and their loved ones believe about the war.
The guidelines for this assignment are:
Your response must be two well-developed paragraphs of a minimum of five sentences each.
Your complete word count on this assignment must be at least 250 words.
You must ONLY use the GMC library, online learning resources, or the course textbook.
You must cite all direct quotes and paraphrased material with proper APA in-text citations in the paragraphs.
At the bottom of your submission (right below the paragraphs), you must include an APA-style bibliography of all the sources you used.
Your submission should be free of grammar, content, and style errors.

The political theories and philosophies that influenced the construction of the U.S. Constitution go beyond the historically noted Americans we credit as our ‘Founding Fathers’. In fact, many  outside contributions from forward thinkers of the Enlightenment were integrated into the foundation of our political values, institutions, and governmental systems.
Based on your readings, course lectures, and provided resources, answer the following prompts.
What political philosophies and/or political theories were influential on the founders of the United States when drafting the documents that would declare independence and forge a new system of government?
Include specific concepts, as well as their application, on each of the documents.
Which Constitutional Amendments have carried on these political philosophies and/or theories?
Documents
Declaration of Independence (1776)
US Constitution (1787)
Influences
Hobbes
Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau 
Constitutional Amendments
Amendments 1-27
Formatting: 
Submissions should be written at the college level, documenting academic sources you utilize (including the textbook and course lectures). The essay may be written in MLA or APA format, 12 Times New Roman font, double-spaced.
Word Count Requirements: 1-2 pages
Resources:
https://teachdemocracy.org/online-lessons/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-20-2-cLinks to an external site. 
1.3: Enlightenment Thinkers and Democratic Government – Social Sci LibreTextsLinks to an external site.
Rubric
Political Theory Essay Rubric
Political Theory Essay Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescribed applicable political theory and concepts
30 pts
Full Marks
Fully described applicable political theories and one or more related concepts from the text and lectures with corresponding examples and related source citations.
25 pts
Good
Described applicable political theories and one or more related concepts from the text and lectures with minor errors.
22 pts
Satisfactory
Adequately described applicable political theories and related concepts from the text and lectures, but lacked detail in corresponding examples and related source citations.
15 pts
Fair
Partially described applicable political theories and related concepts from the text and lectures with omissions or errors on their description.
0 pts
No Marks
Did not describe political theory or concepts
30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeApplied theoretical concepts to the Declaration of Independence
20 pts
Full Marks
Fully connected theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the Declaration of Independence with supporting examples and source references.
15 pts
Satisfactory
Connected theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the Declaration of Independence using examples with minor errors.
10 pts
Fair
Included some connection to theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the Declaration of Independence, with either a lack of detail or supporting examples and source references.
0 pts
No Marks
No demonstration of the connection of theoretical concepts to the Declaration of Independence.
20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeApplied theoretical concepts to the US Constitution
20 pts
Full Marks
Fully connected theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the US Constitution with supporting examples and source references.
15 pts
Satisfactory
Connected theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the US Constitution using examples with minor errors.
10 pts
Fair
Included some connection to theoretical concepts to the text or ideas in the US Constitution, with either a lack of detail or supporting examples and source references.
0 pts
No Marks
No demonstration of the connection of theoretical concepts to the US Constitution.
20 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeProper citations and formatting
30 pts
Full Marks
Includes fully documented and reputable sources including proper formatting, in-text references, and citations with minimal errors.
25 pts
Good
Includes documented and reputable sources including proper formatting, in-text references, and citations with some minor errors.
17 pts
Satisfactory
Includes documented and reputable sources with errors or omissions in formatting, in-text references, and citations.
8 pts
Fair
Frequent errors or missing in-text references, improper citations or paper formatting.
0 pts
No Marks
Major errors or omissions in formatting and citation
30 pts
Total Points: 100
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