Category: International affairs / relations

What were the main factors that contributed to the escalation of the genocide in Rwanda, and how did internal and external pressures shape its development?

To what extent do we have an international economic liberal order in cotton? agricultural subsidies have always been a key source of disagreement in international trade negotiations, they were put on the table for the first time in the Uruguay round, but little was accomplished (subsidies remained, US protected its production of cotton, against the idea of free trade…and economic liberalism). 
IISD report  2023-global-market-report-cotton.pdf (iisd.org)
FAO report OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032
interesting chapter in attachment Reducing Cotton Subsidies: The DDA Cotton Initiative. In Agricultural Trade Reform and the DOHA Development Agenda. Will Martin and Kym Anderson, eds. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank: 271-294.
and this : https://carnegieendowment.org/2010/06/17/learning-from-cotton-problem-settling-trade-disputes-pub-41003

argue critically this statement ‘In our increasingly interdependent world, international development does not need to be made personal, it is personal’. refer the case studies 1 and 4 in chapter 10

Literature Review (Chapter Two)
Note: here, in-text citation and referencing are paramount, and researchers must pay more attention to this.
2.0 2.1
2.2
Introduction
All subsections should be related to the Research Objectives or Research Questions stated in the introduction.
Conclusion
This section should summarize the literature you have reviewed and highlight the gaps within the literature written on your topic. From here, the student can clearly state how you will address these gaps by researching your topic. This links to the following methodology chapter.

everything is fine about the paper the only thing I would like you to do would be to talk 
about the alliances in the region in iran and israel and how they are used.  examples, hutis hamas what backs which power 

Find a news article or use the files attached to establish the importance of non-DAC donors by criticizing the weakness of DAC.  Possibly in 2-3 paragraphs with citations, please.

In the chapter on “Prospects of Political and Economic Cooperation between Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico,” you need to cover several important aspects to provide a comprehensive and in-depth overview. Here are the points you should discuss:
### 1. **Background of Bilateral Relations**
– The history of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and each country (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico).
– Major achievements in political and economic cooperation over the past decades.
### 2. **Potential for Political Cooperation**
– **Diplomacy and Alliances**: Opportunities to build alliances in international forums such as the UN, G20, and regional organizations.
– **Security and Defense**: Potential cooperation in the fields of security, defense, and counter-terrorism.
– **Environmental Issues and Climate Change**: Opportunities for collaboration on global issues such as climate change, forest conservation, and sustainability.
### 3. **Potential for Economic Cooperation**
– **Trade and Investment**: Identification of key sectors for increased trade and investment (agriculture, manufacturing, technology, renewable energy).
– **Trade Agreements**: Potential to develop or strengthen free trade agreements and other economic accords.
– **Infrastructure and Development Projects**: Opportunities for cooperation in major infrastructure projects, including transportation, energy, and information technology.
### 4. **Barriers and Challenges**
– **Regulations and Bureaucracy**: Regulatory barriers that might hinder closer cooperation.
– **Differences in Economic Policies**: Challenges arising from differences in economic policies and tariffs between countries.
– **Political Tensions**: Potential conflicts or political tensions that may impact economic cooperation.
### 5. **Strategies to Overcome Challenges**
– **Proactive Diplomacy**: Diplomatic efforts that can be undertaken to bridge differences and build consensus.
– **Regulatory Harmonization**: Steps to harmonize regulations and standardize trade procedures.
– **Multilateral Cooperation**: Utilizing international and regional organizations to facilitate dialogue and cooperation.
### 6. **Case Studies**
– **Successful Projects**: Analysis of several successful cooperation projects between Indonesia and these countries.
– **Lessons from Previous Conflicts**: Case studies on previous conflicts or tensions and how they were resolved.
### 7. **Future Prospects**
– **Global and Regional Trends**: Analysis of global and regional trends that could affect the prospects for cooperation (e.g., geopolitical changes, technological innovations).
– **New Initiatives**: Proposals for new initiatives to enhance political and economic cooperation.
### 8. **Conclusion**
– Summary of the prospects and potential for cooperation.
– Recommendations for steps that can be taken by governments and the private sector in each country.
By covering these points, you can provide a thorough overview of the prospects for political and economic cooperation between Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico.

Rewrite and add more information if available for the research to make a new analysis about the research topic. The historical background of Turkish relations with neighbours like Arab countries focusing on Irak befor and after the Ak Parti. 
I added the pdf for the rewriteing and pictures of resources you use and you can add other resources as well. 
Other resource ” https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2020/03/22/book-review-aspiring-powers-regional-rivals-turkey-egypt-saudi-arabia-and-the-new-middle-east/ “

Biological vs. cultural/social conceptions of difference: if biologically we are 99.999999999% the same, how do we understand cultural and social conceptions of human difference? How to you weigh the biological/genetic limits of human difference with the ways in which human societies use them for positive (e.g. empowerment of particular communities, pride in being Black, Black Love, etc, for example) and negative (racial/ethnic supremacy and hate) ends?

Each student will be expected to write a research paper related to the topic of the class in some way. The paper, which will be due at the end of the semester, must be approximately 6,000 words in length. (In no case should it be less than 5,000 words or more than 8,000 words).
The paper must be a substantial and serious work of scholarship, based on external research (not just internet searches), making use of peer-reviewed journal articles, books and book chapters, scholarly papers, etc. NOTE: This is not just a book report, or a general review of the literature. This is a research paper, which engages in a critical way with a central research question of some kind – using the materials we are discussing during the semester as a starting point. The citations should include a minimum of 2 books and 5 serious scholarly articles.