Category: Microbiology

Write a 4 page final scientific-formatted report ( 4-6 pages and include detailed experimental
procedures, results and findings) write it pleased bassedd on the info given in the poster and the poiwerpoint this is also a countinuation of this person’s research if you have any confusion or questions. It is not the same as her research polease go bbased on what i provided in the poster and powerpoint. plesase put blank space for the name and the PI’s name.

Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Citations are required for all responses. There is no time limit.
Individuals who smoke have much higher rates of lung infection. Explain which first-line defenses mechanisms may be impaired by smoking, allowing pathogens to more readily enter the lower respiratory tract.
The diagnosis of tuberculosis involves the observation of lung structures called tubercles on an X ray. What immunologic process leads to the formation of tubercles, and what type of immune cells may comprise these lesions?
Provide an explanation in support of or refuting the following statement: “Humans would never develop natural immunity to a novel biological agent created in a laboratory.”
Explain how super-antigens, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, often lead to the development of life-threatening symptoms in an infected individual.

First page (chapter 16: epidemiology) : 
Go on the CDC or WHO website and select a pathogen, give the following information for your selected pathogen, include a picture/image of the pathogen as well:
1. Geographical distribution of pathogen (global distribution of pathogen)
2. Very brief summary of signs, symptoms, transmission of infection/disease
3. Number of cases/infections over the last 5 years (give the number for each year)*
4. Number of deaths from this infection over last 5 years (give the number for each year)*
*You can create a table showing the number of cases and deaths from the year 2017-2022, if data is not available for the last 5 years, give the most current data available 
5. Is this infection classified as a sporadic, endemic, epidemic, or a pandemic disease?
6. Over the past 5 years, have the number of cases per year been increasing or decreasing? Why do suspect that this is happening?
7. Over the past 5 years, have the number of deaths per year been increasing or decreasing? Why do suspect that this is happening?
Please find a pathogen that is tracked/reported by either the CDC/WHO.  There must be data available for the selected pathogen. The pathogen can be from our 80 pathogen list. 
Second page (Chapter 17: Non-Specific Defenses): 
Part I
A. Explain first line defenses of the immune system. 
B. List at least 3 different features (chemical or physical) that protect against pathogens.  Where are these located? What is their role in protecting and fighting off microbes?
C. Pick 1 first line defense and explain what would happen if it is not working properly
Part II
D. Explain second line defense of the immune system. 
E. List at least 3 different features (systems, cells, chemical messengers) that work together to protect against pathogens.  Where are these located? What is their role in protecting and fighting off microbes?
F. Pick 1 second line defense and explain what would happen if it is not working properly
Third page (Chapter 18 : Adaptive Immunity) 
Part I
Compare and contrast cellular and humoral immunity. You must give at least 3 similarities and 3 differences. Think about the types of cells involved, where they are derived from, the function of each type of immunity, the chemical messengers needed, the types of receptors, how each immunity is activated, You may use a table (see example below)
Briefly explain how cellular and humoral immunity work together to neutralize a pathogen, such as COVID-19, once you are exposed and infected by it.
cellular immunity vs humoral immunity Similarities Differences
both use lymphocytes lymphocytes originate in different organs
Part II
1. What would happen if a person was born without humoral immunity?
2. What if a person was born without cellular immunity?
Explain these questions in terms of effects on the person’s immunity and disease/infections. Use specific aspects of each immunity to answer these questions such as cells and molecules affected
Fourth page (Chapter 19: Immune System Diseases) : 
Pick either 1 autoimmune disease or 1 immunodeficiency disease not mentioned in the lecture or textbook and give the following information for the selected disease:
1. molecular cause (location on the chromosome, mutation etc)
2. signs and symptoms of disease (clinical features)
3. pathogenesis
4. number of people affected with disease
Use the following link to help you pick a disease:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim Links to an external site.
Fifth page (Chapter 20: Practical Applications) 
Discuss 1 serological test and 1 molecular tests that help diagnose a patient with the correct pathogen.   Give a brief summary of each technique or test and explain how each allow for correct diagnosis.  How accurate is each?  Can they give false positives?
What type of testing is being done on suspected COVID patients ( 2 different types of testing)?  How accurate are they?

This is a take home exam, I have to answer all the questions and be really specific about it, this half of course grade…

Compare the following terms and discuss  (USLO 5.5)
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
Transposons 
Define the steps of gene expression.  Be sure to specifically speak to the following: (USLO 5.2)
Transcription
Translation

Instructions: The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as
the most prestigious awards given for intellectual achievement in the world.
You will be researching the life and achievements of a Nobel Prize winner or
group of Nobel Prize winners in the field of Physiology or Medicine. Please choose a Nobel Prize award in the
category of Physiology or Medicine
from the following link: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/
For example: The Nobel Prize of 2020
in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Harvey J.
Alter, Michael
Houghton and Charles M.
Rice for “the discovery of the Hepatitis C Virus.” If
you choose a Nobel Prize award that was given to two or more scientists,
please include them ALL in the table below.
Then,
fill in the table below.  PLEASE
SUMMARIZE ALL RESOURCES IN YOUR OWN WORDS!
Points Possible: Up to 5 extra credits points may be earned
for this assignment.
Sections and
their Descriptions
Background/History/Profile
of Scientist(s):
This section can include:
●    
When and where the scientist(s)
were born.
●    
The scientist or scientists’
education and schooling history.
●    
Any notable skills, talents, or
accomplishments the scientist(s) achieved PRIOR
to their nomination and acceptance of Nobel Prize award.
The
Significance or Relevance of the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine:
This section can include:
●    
The research process, including
any challenges faced by the scientist(s).
●    
How the achievement contributed to
the field of medicine.
●    
The significance or relevance of
the achievement to the global community.
Your Thoughts
on the Achievement:
This section can include:
●    
Any personal connections or
opinions regarding the chosen accomplishment.
●    
Any ideas for future studies and
next steps.
●    
Any other relevant feedback.
References
●    
Please include 3 resources In APA
format – 7th edition.
Name of Scientist(s):
Name of Nobel Prize Award
and Year it Was Awarded:
Nobel Prize Catchphrase (1 sentence to summarize the entire experiment):
Example: Feel the
Beat of DNA in Jumping Genes!
Background/History/Profile
of Scientist(s) (1-2 paragraphs):
**Consider
adding more information if there is more than one scientist that won the
award.
The Significance or
Relevance of this Nobel Prize in Medicine (1 paragraph):
Your Thoughts on the
Achievement (1 paragraph):
References (please
include 3 in APA format – 7th edition):

What is meant by the term “enteric pathogen”?
Why are anaerobic organisms generally not seen in a routine fecal specimen or culture?
What are the indole test, methyl red test, voges-proskauer test, and citrate test (IMViC) reactions? Describe in detail all four reactions (what media is used, important ingredients, what each reaction measures, and what positive and negative results mean).
Create a flowchart for the isolation and identification of specific enteric bacteria from fecal samples.