Category: Psychology

Participation Expectations
For each discussion activity, you are responsible for posting at least one substantive initial response to the discussion questions posed, as well, as a reply to at least two other postings made by your classmates.
Your initial substantive posting should be a thoughtful reflection on at least one aspect of the discussion theme or question posed and can either initiate a line of discussion or be in response to someone else’s posting (i.e., adding your own perspective or additional research to it). Keep in mind that quality is better than quantity and “me too” and “I agree” type postings add little to the conversation. Your postings should demonstrate that you have read and thought about the course material. You are encouraged to reference your course textbook in your postings as well as other relevant outside literature.
Some points to keep in mind:
Be clear and to the point in your postings.
Edit your work. Your posts should be coherent and use proper grammar and spelling.
Keep postings to 300-350 words. Quality is better than quantity.
Contribute your own thoughts about the material you have read.
Support your thoughts by referencing the textbook or other outside literature.
Raise additional questions or points of discussion to stimulate further discussion.
If you have questions, show that you have already tried to find a solution.
Respect the viewpoints of your peers. Ask for clarification if you don’t understand a point. Assume good intentions.
Use the proper terminology introduced in the course readings.
When using literature in your postings, make sure to provide references in proper APA Style.
Show respect and sensitivity to peers’ gender, cultural and linguistic background, political, and religious beliefs.
You are strongly encouraged to take the time to review the following documents on writing quality discussion posting and on taking roles in discussions.
PREPARING TO WRITE
1. Read assigned material—critically—and take notes as you read: Who wrote this material (a respected expert? an activist with a specific aim or belief?) Do they have any possible biases? Are studies reliable and valid? (What kind of research was performed?) When was this material written? Are the definitions/conditions/opinions described still accur vant? ate/rele Is an opinion expressed? How might someone disagree? How does this material relate to other concepts and theories you are studying? (Remember, instructors choose readings with a plan in mind—try to imagine why they have assigned this reading) Does the article complement other things you have learned? Is it in opposition? 2. Read and understand the discussion question or topic provided by your instructor • What are you asked to do? (Formulate an opinion? Respond to a question? Explain a concept or theory?) • How are you asked to do this? What kind of information are you expected to include (e.g., supporting quotations or references, examples, etc.) Do you need to bring in outside research? 3. Sort out the finer details • Is there a word maximum? Minimum? (Most posts will be 1‐2 paragraphs maximum). • How many times are you expected to post? (Find out if you are required to post a certain number of times per question, per week, etc.) • How much of your grade is this component worth?Each post? Budget your time accordingly
A.re you expected to respond to other students’ posts? What proportion of original posts versus responses are you asked to provide?
INITIAL POSTS – An initial post is a response to the original question presented by the course instructor, or the opening post on a particular topic (i.e., not responding to other students’ posts). Consider each post a “mini‐thesis,” in which you state a position and provide support for it. If you are responding to a question, be sure to 1. Take a position: Provide a clear answer to the question (incorporate some of the wording of the question in your answer if possible). 2. Offer a reasoned argument: Provide an explanation for your point of view, and use evidence from your text, notes, or outside research (where appropriate) to support your point. 3. Stay focused: End with a summary comment to explain the connection between your evidence and the question (how your evidence proves your point). Your post might also introduce a question or idea that others can follow up on. But make sure you have answered the question first!
Discusssion Marking rubric.
A+ Discussion Post A+
Initial Post
/2.5 points
deliver information that is full of thought, insight, and analysis • make insightful connections to course content • make insightful connections to real-life situations • contain rich and fully developed new ideas, connections, or applications • contain no spelling errors and typos
Question of discussion is –
How do you think of others? Use this discussion area to complete the discussion activity in Unit 03.
Think about a person that you either like or dislike a lot. What characteristics does this person have? How did you form the impression that you have of this person? Does this person have vivid, rare, or extremely positive or negative characteristics? *Remember to exhibit sensitivity when writing your response.

1. Is it ethical to subject animals to unnatural and/or painful situations in the pursuit of knowledge about the human condition? Answer this question within the framework of psychology. 2. How would you distribute the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) budget? When Congress appropriates funds to the NIMH, should it be allowed to specify what percentage goes to basic or applied research? Can the United States afford to fund research that may have no clear benefit to society? What role does serendipity play in scientific discovery?

This term paper must be at least 8 pages in length, well thought out and well organized, following APA format.  
1. Present your ethical dilemma or problem.  
In this scenario, we explore an Ethical Dilemma that arises when one partner in the couple reveals confidential information during 1o1 sessions with her counselor, the client presents a severe dependency on substances with a history of aggressive behavior; that indicates potential harm to himself or his own family, due to malfunction of the family founds the family end homeless. The counselor faces the challenge of maintaining confidentiality while ensuring the safety and well-being of all parties involved. The counselor should navigate the delicate balance between respecting the couple’s privacy and fulfilling their duty to intervene when harm occurs. This dilemma underscores the importance of ethical guidelines, such as the duty to warn or protect, and the need for therapists to assess and address risk factors in therapy sessions carefully since children are involved. The counselor needs to prioritize safety and well-being while upholding ethical standards. 
This can be taken from the earlier assignment.
2. Explain why it is an ethical dilemma or problem.
3. What are the facts that will help up deal with the issue?  What is known?  What needs to be found out? How quickly do we have to act? (How much time do we have?)
What is known, and importantly, what else needs to be known to solve the dilemma.  How urgent is the matter?
4. What are the major issues here? What’s at stake here?  What are you first ideas of how to handle the problem? What are all the possible solutions you can think of at this point.
5. Cite relevant parts of the CASAC ethical canon which pertain to the dilemma/problem and explain. 
6. Cite relevant laws that relate to the dilemma/problem and explain.
7. What ethical principles are involved?  Explain.
8. Discuss the critical elements for making this ethical decision and analyze the situation.
9. What are the other than ethical considerations relevant in this dilemma? (Like self-interest, keeping your job, etc.)
10. Discuss relevant research topics which are raised by the dilemma.  This could be ethical, legal, or research areas.
11. Choose at least one area, research it thoroughly, and report the findings, using APA citation and reference style.  You must use at least 5 academic references, using scientific research articles found in PsychInfo. If you cut and paste from an original work and submit it as your own this is plagiarism and you will automatically receive an F for the paper and be referred to the office of academic integrity. Explain how this research helps understand the dilemma.
12. Integrating all of the above information, determine the solution to this dilemma/problem, being sure to explain yourself fully and clearly. (YOU MUST SOLVE THE DILEMMA OR PROBLEM AND EXPLAIN IT FULLY.)
13. Write a detailed script which indicates how you would implement your solution.  I.E. how you would present it to your client(s) and/or colleague(s).
14. Conclusion:  what did you learn about professional ethics writing this paper?  
Write clearly, organize your presentation, engage in a systematic, rational inquiry, and back up any assertions that you make.
Include as appendix all submissions of the paper:  Your original dilemma, your 5 abstracts.
the following is the guide of the entire aspects 
Brief guide to substance abuse counseling ethics [Draft]
1.  Competence: We want to provide counseling which helps our clients overcome their addiction and improves their lives.  If we feel we can provide that, we should work on these goals.  If we feel we can’t, we should end the treatment and provide an appropriate referral.  We should only provide a service which we competently perform (scope of practice).
2. Keep a copy of the CASAC ethical Canon in your office. This is our code of conduct.  Review it periodically.
3. When we face a challenging ethical situation, take time to think so that you can consider all of the relevant factors.  One way to do this is to use the ethical decision-making model which we discussed. 
First, consider how quickly you must act. if you have time, you can give yourself more time to consider all the facts.  If you must act quickly, ask a trusted colleague to review the situation before acting. 
Second, refer to the CASAC ethical Canon to see if it tells us what to do.  If it is clear, you need go no further.  
Third, consider who are involved and what issues are involved: potential harms, breaking confidentiality, boundary-violations, etc. 
Determine if there is a conflict between the ethical principles or CASAC canon, or laws.  If there is, what is it?  For example respect for autonomy versus potential harm to someone.  (I don’t want to tell my wife I have HIV).  
Write down your thoughts, write down some possible options, consider the pros and cons of each.  
Time-permitting go to your supervisor or trusted colleague and discuss the situation fully.  
After that discussion, if it is clear what to do, think about how you will present it to your client or affected persons.  
Then go ahead. 
4. Justice and fairness.  This is a part of the CASAC Canon.  We want to be fair and helpful to all clients.  We want to be fair to our clients, colleagues and all others in our professional capacity.  This means not judging others for their political, religious beliefs, physical appearance, sexual or gender preferences. 
5. Maintaining a professional and helping relationship.  Establish boundaries, avoid dual relationships with clients, including sexual or romantic relationships with clients. Decide what level of self-disclosure you are comfortable with and use it only for the benefit of the client.  We should try to maintain a helpful attitude and objectivity so that we can determine what we think is best for the client. When our emotional reactions or prejudices get in the way, we should seek to overcome them, if we can’t, we should arrange a referral.
6. Confidentiality.  Keep information about your clients confidential.  Explain confidentiality to your clients, including when it can be broken.  When clients want information released, go over the implications fully so they understand their rights and what is at stake.
7. Competing agendas.  You will have to respond to differing demands from different areas:
Client wishes versus family, client versus court mandate, clinic policy requirements, individual client needs versus clinic rules and others.  Here my advice is to be aware of these competing agendas, and try to make the best decision you can, keeping client interests most important most of the time.
8. Informed consent. The purpose of informed consent is to make sure clients know what they are getting into and what their rights are. At the beginning of treatment clients should be informed about treatment, the rules of the clinic, their rights, such as confidentiality and when it can be broken.  They should be given a chance to answer questions they might have. Then clients should be given the chance to say yes or say no to it.  Clients should be told that we can review any aspect of this in later sessions. Informed consent can be done verbally or in written form or a combination of both.  See week 8’s lecture notes for a list of what should be included.
9. Supervision.  Know your rights as a supervisee. (See Week 10’s lecture notes for a list.).  Remember that your supervisor has a responsibility to the clients as well as you and may feel the need to step in if he feels it necessary.  Keep in mind that what you say in supervision is not confidential.  Understand that appropriate boundaries are important in this relationship.  A supervisor is not your therapist.  If you and your supervisor disagree, you should not automatically follow his recommendation.  Make you concern known, and if necessary take it to the director or OASAS.
10. Burnout. Know your limits as a counselor. Do not take on more than you can really do. Have an outside life. Take care of yourself physically, mentally, and spiritually.  Seek counseling if you need it.
11.  Dealing with ethical misconduct.  Be honest to yourself about mistakes. Be compassionate and not punishing to yourself.  If possible, find a way to undo the damage if any.  Consult with a colleague or supervisor first to make sure this is a good approach.  Figure out why this occurred.  Take steps to prevent this from happening again.  If a complaint is made against you, cooperate with OASAS or the agency making the investigation.  Do not have further contact with the client.  Keep it confidential and do not discuss any details with anyone except your supervisor, lawyer, or other authorized person.  
When you have evidence of ethical misconduct in others.  Do not be judgmental.  If a minor infraction, you can discuss it with the counselor.  This discussion should be private and should be carefully thought out in advance so that the counselor is less likely to become defensive.  If the infraction is more severe, discuss it with your supervisor.  You and they can decide if a complaint should be make to OASAS or the agency where you work.
If a client makes a claim of misconduct of a colleague, advise them of their rights, their right to make a complaint, details how to make the complaint, give them the choice to make it, and support them through the process.
12. Ethical issues of self-harm.  Be alert to suicidal ideation.  Be comfortable asking your client about it.  Once it becomes an issue, monitor it.  Always discuss this with your supervisor. If there is no plan or strong urges, schedule an interview with a psychiatrist or other mental health professional.  If there is a plan or strong urges, arrange for a psychiatric evaluation immediately.  Only as a last resort should you call 911.  This is stressful.  Do your best to stay calm.  Understand you may be tempted to deny it, over-react, etc.  If in doubt, have the client remain in your office while you consult with your supervisor or colleague.
13.  Keeping yourself safe. While you will do your best to help your clients, you should also take good care of yourself.  You should feel safe at the clinic, with your clients, and fellow-staff.  You should make sure you are not subject to any type of harassment.  We can’t be good counselors if we don’t feel safe.
14. When our clients are doing something unethical.  In many of your scenarios, you had clients who wanted to do something that could potentially harm another person.  For example, not informing a partner they had an STD.  Here there is a conflict between potential harm to the partner versus the autonomy of the client.  While we may think we must take charge and warn the partner immediately, this would damage our relationship with the client.  Keep in mind the client has told you about it, so they are willing to discuss it.  So I suggest doing so, with the idea that the client will develop the courage to discuss this.  In the meantime, a plan can be made to protect the partner via safe sex or no sex until you and the client get there.  Such discussion takes a great deal of skill.  I suggest MI approach would be well-suited.  If the client does not go along, then you can consider informing the partner.

Step 1
Find a popular news article or video from within the past ten years that reports on the results of a psychological study. This should be a published article or video from a news source such as Time Magazine, The New York Times, Newsweek, NPR, etc. A great place to start is the APA psychology news portalLinks to an external site..
Read through the news article and ensure that it is descriptive and sufficiently long enough in order to draw conclusions from the original research mentioned. Take notes on what you noticed.
Step 2
Use your critical thinking skills to find the psychological study or studies mentioned in the news article or video. Sometimes those are not freely available online, so you may have to track down the original study through the OCC library websiteLinks to an external site..
You can find these articles in reputable journals, such as the American Journal of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Emotion, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Memory.
The study should have been performed within the past ten years.
Step 3
Write a paper (about 300 words) that:
Describes and summarizes both the news article or video and the research article
Examines if the news article or video accurately describes the research
Includes correct APA citations (both in-text and a reference page) for both resources

Research Scenario: ‘You and your research team are interested in developing a community-based exercise program for older adults. The aim is to increase older adults’ self-efficacy for exercise through their participation in either a 3-week Walking or Yoga program. The programs are designed for older adults, who are living independently, and have no reported mobility issues of concern. You have decided to include two separate age groups of older adults – a group of 65-year-olds, and a group of 75-year-olds. Your research will have real world implications as your local area health service would like to know whether one program is more effective at increasing older adults’ self-efficacy for exercise scores than the other, so they can include it in their wider ‘active ageing’ health campaign in 2025.’ There is the SPSS data included as well as in an excel spreadsheet. I have also included all necessary files.
Please do not write up an introduction or a discussion as I have already written those. I just need to to write up the design section, the participants section, the materials section, the procedure section and the results (the results should also include a table/figure/screenshot). And no sources will be needed because you are not writing the introduction or the discussion. Thank you!

Review the article below, and discuss 3 learning points that will be important for understanding Transgenerational Models and Substance Abuse within the family. In order for the student to earn all the points, it requires a posted typed Discussion and a Reply to a classmate’s Discussion, and to follow the instructions below: A minimum of two complete paragraphs explaining your understanding of the chapter of your choice.
APA 7th ed Style writing and formatting
You may include examples, experiences, and theories. Note: a paragraph is a writing structure that requires a minimum of five complete sentences.
These five or more sentences should represent a valid knowledge of the topic. The Discussion also requires a Comment or Reply to a classmate’s Discussion.
This Comment or Reply requires a minimum of three complete sentences. It is not only about the number of sentences, but the valid knowledge of the topic represented throughout the paragraph (Discussion) and/or the three sentences (Comment or Reply). And we are talking about “university student’s sentences” not “Mary is a girl or Tom is a boy” kind of sentences…
These three sentences should represent a valid knowledge of the other student’s Discussion. Note: Sentences just expressing your opinion and/or perception of your classmate’s Discussion, and/or complimenting your classmate do not count for points, i.e., “I love what you wrote about…”; “You did a great job…”; “I agree with you”…

6 pages total, without reference pages. Please use Turbian format and 6-7 scholarly sources, including peer reviewed
Please answer the following questions, 2 pages each:
1.  Describe the difference the between terrorism and insurgency. Please define the two, and analyze the contrast between both.
2. Describe the two contemporary terrorism theories, Social Identity Theory and the Strain Theory. Compare and contrast the two, and which one best explains terrorist violence. 
3. Describe the push of or personal characteristics of anger and injustice that leads an individual to terrorsim, and why these are primary factors of terrorism contribute more over alienation or feeling of identity factor of terrorism.
You may Use this article in answering that question:
Vergani, M., Iqbal, M., Ilbahar, E., & Barton, G. (2020). The Three Ps of Radicalization: Push, Pull and Personal. A Systematic Scoping Review of the Scientific Evidence about Radicalization Into Violent Extremism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 43(10), 854. https://doi-org.ezproxy2.apus.edu/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1505686 

Hello, this assignment is a life map
This is the descriiption
Construct a timeline of your life up until now and include critical events/experiences and key relationships in your life. The events and experiences you draw on your life map can make great starting points for self-exploration. Along with the life map, include a two-page paper that
discusses how at least one key relationship and/or event has shaped your development
across time. Apply concepts apply concepts of developmental stages/ attachment theories, biopsychological model etc.
So, I will design the life map but I need help with the two pages paper so and connection with the concepts. So I am sharing some background information for reference and the relationship,or even could be my faith and my time in the schools. Thank you.
APA 7TH edition
I was born in a city with a lot of cultural wealth. I come from a humble family. My parents are separated, and I grew up with my grandmother and my older sister. My parents both started new families. During my childhood I remember that I really liked playing with my cousins and neighbors. My sister was seven years older than me and she took care of me. I grew up in a neighborhood with a bad reputation for being unsafe. I remember that I liked going to school. The first two years of Elementary school I went to the same school with my cousins, and this is affecting my behavior so my mother decided to send me to a different school. She enrolled me in one of the best public schools in the city. It was a school only for girls and I had to take an exam and an interview to be admitted and thank God I did. From there my life changed. I started third grade at a different school with people from higher social classes who were very polite. I started to be more disciplined, delicate and somewhat selective with my friends. She was a good girl. I no longer shared as much with my cousins and my life was more about school. I also began to know about God from a very young age. Nobody in my family is really religious, my grandmother was a believer but the truth is she never try indoctrinate me or anything like that. I began to know about God when I read a children’s Bible with very large drawings that I really liked. Somehow, I connected and over time I developed a very pleasant faith towards God. Although my father had money, as I did not live with him, I was very poor and I remember that my grandmother always told me to study and so with effort one day I could live better, I always remembered his words. Another event that impacted my life was entering secondary school, also a very good public school for girls only, which she was able to enter due to merit. I loved going to school, I didn’t like my neighborhood because it had a bad reputation and I didn’t like being at home because it wasn’t comfortable, although I loved spending time with my grandmother and my sister. School was very important to me. I made very good friends, I managed to participate in sports (volleyball) and arts (music and dance), I was happy. Upon finishing high school it was a time of conflicting decisions regarding what was next since I did not have the money to study the career I wanted at that time (medicine) and I also had to work since I did not have financial support from anyone. , so I decided to take a job as a teacher and studied at night. With what I worked I will pay for my studies and I helped with household expenses. My early adulthood was working studying going home and going to church on Sundays. I didn’t really enjoy things like going to parties and dancing, I was a homebody. Last year at my university (2017)I traveled with the class to an academic trip in Miami Florida which opened my vision since I liked it a lot and I thought that maybe I could adapt to living in a place like Florida. Over time after graduating I got very, very good jobs as a Educator . I enjoyed my work and the opportunity to share woth children and adolescents, even though it was challenging. I earned a lot of money, I was financially stable although I still continued to financially support my grandmother and also my mother since the father of her children left, leaving her with the children. Between 2013 and 2014 I lost my younger sister and my grandmother. My younger sister died in an accident when she was just 21 years old and my grandmother died due to health complications. This event devastated me and I began to feel that I no longer wanted to be there. At the end of 2019 I traveled to visit my friend in Los Angeles, California and during my stay I met a wonderful church with people of great faith who opened the doors of her heart to me and helped me a lot. I met my husband too. My husband was my first boyfriend and that new experience was very nice. My life changed completely, the cultural change was difficult, the language, living alone, doing work that I had never done in my life was difficult, but after a couple of years things improved. I got married I started studying the language I have the support of my husband’s family a wonderful spiritual community I became a mother and went back to school for my master’s degree. In my life I have gone through many stages, a childhood full of financial deprivation with emotional absence of parents but happy with the love of God from my grandmother and my sister and friends. faith in God and the opportunity to study in good schools please character in me of perseverance and believing in myself. My trip to the United States was the beginning of a new beginning full of hope and a lot of love in my future, I long to be an excellent therapist, mother, wife, server of Christ. Also continue leraning the language and maybe get a PhD.

FINAL PAPER  You will write a research paper integrating theory and empirical data on a topic of your interest relevant to the subject matter of this course. Prior to submission of the final paper, you will hand in a paragraph summary of a topic of your choosing as well as a list of 5-7 peer reviewed references upon which you will base your paper. You will briefly present your proposal to the class, so that we can discuss it and make suggestions. You may also use original source books. Please do NOT use summary sources from the internet such as “Simply Psychology” or Wikipedia. I must approve your topic before you go ahead with it and may meet with you at your suggestion or mine to clarify your topic. (due in class 3/13/24 ) The final paper should be 10-12 pages in length (12 pt font) and must be written according to APA format. You have the option of submitting a draft of your paper to me any time up to two weeks prior to the due date and I will return it to you with feedback and suggestions for revision. Students who have taken this option have found that it significantly improved their final grade for the paper
Abstract 
Exploring the Dynamics of Attachment: Understanding it’s Impact on Relationships and
Mental Health
Attachment theory, comprehension of interpersonal interactions, and psychological
growth. This suggested topic seeks to explore the complex dynamics of attachment, looking at its
causes, categories, and significant effects on people’s relationships with others and mental health.
Through an examination of the many attachment styles, secure, insecure-avoidant,
insecure-anxious, and disorganized, we can decipher how early events mold adult behavioral and
emotional patterns. intimacy, trust, and resilience are all facilitated by secure attachment,
whereas relational conflicts, emotional instability, and psychological discomfort can result from
insecure attachment. This talk will focus on the importance of attachment in romantic
relationships, friendships, and family ties. This topic aims to improve our understanding of
human connection and open the way to more successful methods of treating mental health and
relationship well-being through a thorough examination of attachment theory.
Resources 
References needed to be use
Kouri, G., Meuwly, N., Richter, M., & Schoebi, D. (2024). Attachment insecurities, emotion
dynamics and stress in intimate relationships during the transition to parenthood. BMC Psychology,
12(1), 200–200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01686-w
Read, D. L., Clark, G. I., Rock, A. J., & Coventry, W. L. (2018). Adult attachment and social
anxiety: The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. PloS One, 13(12), e0207514–e0207514.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207514
Schoeps, K., Mónaco, E., Cotolí, A., & Montoya-Castilla, I. (2020). The impact of peer
attachment on prosocial behavior, emotional difficulties and conduct problems in adolescence: The
mediating role of empathy. PLOS ONE, 15(1), e0-e0227627.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227627
Sheinbaum, T., Kwapil, T. R., Ballespí, S., Mitjavila, M., Chun, C. A., Silvia, P. J., &
Barrantes-Vidal, N. (2015). Attachment style predicts affect, cognitive appraisals, and social
functioning in daily life. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 296–296.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00296
Tan, R., Yang, Y., Huang, T., Lin, X., & Gao, H. (2023). Parent-child attachment and mental
health in young adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14,
1298485–1298485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485
Vismara, L., Lucarelli, L., & Sechi, C. (2022). Attachment style and mental health during the
later stages of COVID‐19 pandemic: the mediation role of loneliness and COVID-19 anxiety. BMC
Psychology, 10(1), 62–62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00767-y
REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED FURTHER READING
Alpert,
J. (1995) ED.) Sexual Abuse Recalled: Treating trauma in the era of the recovered
memory debate. New Jersey/London: Jason Aronson Inc.
Alpert,
J. & Goren, E. (2017) (EDS.) Psychoanalysis, Trauma and Community: History
and contemporary reappraisals. New York: Routledge
Beltsiou,
J. (2016) Immigration in psychoanalysis: Locating ourselves. New York:
Routledge.
Boulanger,
G. (2007) Wounded by Reality: Understanding and treating adult onset trauma.
New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Eisold,
B. (2019). Psychodynamic Perspectives on Asylum Seekers and the Asylum-Seeking
Process. New York: Routledge.
Freud,
A. & Breuer, J. (1895/2004). Studies in Hysteria. New York: Penguin Books.
Grand,
S. & Salberg, G. (2017). Transgenerational Trauma and the Other: Dialogues
across history and difference. New York: Routledge.
Hagman,
G. 12016) (ED.) New Models of Bereavement Theory: New mourning. New York:
Routledge
Harris,
A. & Botticelli, S. (2010) (EDS.) First Do No Harm: the paradoxical
encounters of psychoanalysis, warmaking and resistance. New York: Routledge
Herman,
J. (2015) Trauma and Recovery: The aftermath of violence- from domestic abuse
to political terror. New York: Basic Books
Herman,
J. (2023). Truth and Repair: How trauma survivors envision justice. New
York: Basic Books
Howell,
E. (2011) Understanding and Treating
Dissociative Identity Disorder.
New
York: Routledge
Howell,
E. & Itzkowitz, S. (2016). The Dissociative Mind in Psychoanalysis:
Understanding and working with trauma. New York: Routledge.
Howell,
E. (2020) Trauma and Dissociation-Informed Psychotherapy: Relational healing
and the therapeutic connection. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Moskowitz,
A., Dorahy, M., & Schafer, I. (2019). (EDS.) (2nd ed.) Psychosis,
trauma and dissociation: Evolving perspectives on severe psychopathology. New
Jersey: John Wiley $ Sons, Ltd.
Putnam,
F. (1997) Dissociation in Children and Adolescents: A developmental perspective.
New York: The Guilford Press
Richman,
S. (2014). Mended by the Muse: Creative transformations of trauma.  New York, Routledge
Salberg,
J. & Grand, S. (2017). Wounds of History: Repair and resilience in the
trans-generational transmission of trauma. New York: Routledge.
Stein,
A. (2007) Prologue to Violence: Child abuse, dissociation and crime. New
Jersey/London: The Analytic Press
Stein,
A. (2016) A Tale of Two Offenders: Why dissociation is under-diagnosed in forensic
populations.  Pp.231-240. In: E. Howell
& S. Itzkowitz (EDS.) (2016) The Dissociative Mind in Psychoanalysis: Understanding
and working with trauma.
Stern,
D. (2010) Partners in Thought: Working with unformulated experience, dissociation
and enactment. New York: Routledge
Terr,
L. (1990) Too Scared to Cry: How trauma affects children and ultimately us
all. New York: Basic Books
Van
der Kolk, D. (2014) The Body Keeps the Score. New York, Penguin Books 

You must choose a topic to research on and show your understanding on it. The topic is Emotional Behaviors. You must 
– demonstrate mastery of the tooic chosen 
(Concept mastery may  include but not limited to): thorough explanation of the concept, examples/application of the concept, in-depth information provided related to the concept.)
– clearly explain the topic 
– the importance of knowing the topic 
– relevance to society 
APA format (size 12, times new Roman, double spaced) 
Must amswer the following questions or use topics.  
– what is emotion? 
– is psychological arousal necessary for emotional feelings? 
– is psychological arousal sufficient for emotions?
– do people have a limited number of basic emotions? 
– the functions of emotion 
– emotions and moral decisions 
– Decision making after brain damage that impairs emotions 
– attack behaviors 
– emotions and the nervous system 
– doing something about emotions 
– emotions and body reactions