Category: Social work

Overview
For this assignment, you will revisit The Case of Marie. You will assess the needs of all relevant family members and work out treatment goals that will best provide a positive outcome for the entire family. Use your previous assignment as a starting point; you can use resources used for that assignment as reference where relevant, as well as course readings, discussions, and material from the Capella University Library. 
You will review a media activity to help you complete this assignment. 
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following competencies and behaviors:
CSWE-BOA EPAS Competency 1: Demonstrate ethical and professional behavior.
C1.GP.A: Make ethical decisions by applying the standards of the National Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics, relevant laws and regulations, models for ethical decision-making, ethical conduct of research, and additional codes of ethics within the profession as appropriate to the context.
Related assignment criterion:
5. Apply strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions that may arise within this case study.
CSWE-BOA EPAS Competency 3: Engage Anti-Racism, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (ADEI) in Practice.
C3.GP.A: Demonstrate anti-racist and anti-oppressive social work practice at the individual, family, group, organizational, community, research, and policy levels.
Related assignment criterion:
3. Identify at least two community resources to recommend for the family.
CSWE-BOA EPAS Competency 6: Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.
C6.GP.A: Apply knowledge of human behavior and person-in-environment, as well as interprofessional conceptual frameworks, to engage with clients and constituencies.
Related assignment criterion:
1. Identify two client needs and two goals.
C6.GP.B: Use empathy, reflection, and interpersonal skills to engage in culturally responsive practice with clients and constituencies.
Related assignment criterion:
4. Explain any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals.
CSWE-BOA EPAS Competency 7: Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities.
C7.GP.A: Apply theories of human behavior and person-in-environment, as well as other culturally responsive and interprofessional conceptual frameworks, when assessing clients and constituencies.
Related assignment criterion:
2. Identify two objectives for each treatment goal based on the assessment.
Preparation
To prepare for this assignment, familiarize yourself with the following helpful resources:
Capella University LibraryLinks to an external site..
How Do I Find Peer-Reviewed Articles?Links to an external site.
Social Work Masters Program (MSW) Library Guide.Links to an external site.
Writing CenterLinks to an external site..
Instructions
For this assignment, you will review the media activity to help you create a family intervention plan based on your previous assessment and evaluation of the client.
Using the Family Treatment Plan media activity, complete the following prompts:
PART 1: Create a family intervention plan based on your previous assessment and evaluation of the client. Use your knowledge of human behavior and the social environment to create a written intervention plan using client strengths, resources, and problem areas. Utilize the knowledge needed to understand the person in the environment as it applies to this family.
Identify two client needs and two goals. (C6.GP.A)
State the goals in a SMART format. 
Identify two objectives for each treatment goal based on the assessment. (C7.GP.A)
Apply evidence-based research to inform practice interventions. 
PART 2: Recommend resources and explain your reasoning.
Identify at least two community resources to recommend for the family. (C3.GP.A)
Provide a rationale for the resources and links to the resources.  
PART 3: Reflect on how the ethical dilemma could impact the implementation of the intervention plan with the family and describe the strategies you would use to minimize negative outcomes.  
Explain any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals. (C6.GP.B)
Explain how you would manage these areas.
Apply strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions that may arise within this case study. (C1.GP.A)
Explain how to tolerate ambiguity when resolving ethical conflicts.  
Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession. 
Adhere to the rules of grammar, usage, and mechanics. 
Support main points, assertions, arguments, conclusions, or recommendations with relevant and credible evidence.  
Apply current APA style standards, including paper format, in-text citations, and the references list.
Additional Requirements
Your assignment should also meet the following requirements:
Written communication: Written communication should be scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
APA formatting: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting standards. Use Academic WriterLinks to an external site. for guidance in citing sources in proper APA style. See the Writing CenterLinks to an external site. for more APA resources specific to your degree level.
Number of resources: A minimum of five scholarly sources, in addition to any relevant sources from the Week 6 assignment. All literature cited should be current, with publication dates within the past five years.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
View Rubric
Family Treatment Plan
Marie is 68 years old and is part Scottish and American Indian. She lives in a town that provides a sense of security for her because she lives close to her two daughters. Before her move she lived in the same little rural town for the majority of her adult life.
She started out working for others but in her late 30s, she decided to stop and open her own business instead. That business was very successful but required long hours and hard work. She derived a sense of accomplishment from her business that could not be matched at any time in her life. She loved the interaction with others but could no longer keep up with the physical demands from the business. She retired 3 years ago. Marie is not wealthy but is capable of maintaining her home and lifestyle. She reports that now that she is retired she likes to read and feels most comfortable in her own home.
She currently reports feeling like she has no purpose. About 5 years ago her best friend and husband died of cancer. She and her husband had been married for 47 years at the time of his passing. She was profoundly shaken by this loss. Upon assessing her living arrangements at the time of his death, decisions were made in consultation with her two children to sell the business and move closer to her daughters. The move has had a positive and negative impact – positive due to being around others who care for her and negative due to the stress of being around young children. She reports becoming depressed and anxious around the anniversary date of her husband’s death.
Marie has two children. Lisa who has just turned 50 and Toni who is in her mid 40s. Both Lisa and Toni have young children of their own. Lisa is a single mother by choice with twins who are 4 years of age. Toni is married and has one child who is 5. Both of Marie’s daughters live close by and visit often. When they visit, Marie complains that the children make her stressed and tired. Lisa and Toni are concerned about their mother’s inability to tolerate the activity of the children. They want their mother to enjoy her grandchildren as much as possible.
Lisa is dependent on pain medication due to an injury that she encountered at work several years ago. She still functions fully as far as work and social life. She has challenges with her twins and yells at them frequently, to the point where one of the children is beginning to yell back at her and become defiant. She frequently asks for assistance from Marie with the children. The preschool has reported that this same child is having difficulty with social relationships and emotional connections but reports no negative behavioral issues.
Toni lives with her husband of 10 years and her daughter who is 5 years of age. Marie reports that Toni is supportive of her and provides emotional support when needed. Toni has been caring for her mother during the medical procedure that has been recently conducted.
Marie has just recently undergone an extensive knee replacement and is in physical therapy to regain her mobility. She has been taking prescription drugs for pain but refuses to take them as directed by the physician due to her experience with Lisa. She takes the pain medication only if she is in debilitating pain. Marie often reports having difficulty with her memory because she has to check on things more often, such as closing the garage door when she leaves, locking the door before bed, etc. She is extremely concerned about losing her cognitive abilities.
Toni has privately asked for your help in looking for an assisted living facility for Marie; she believes her mother is having increasing difficulty living on her own and doesn’t feel she can provide consistent aid. She also thinks her sister is taking advantage of Marie’s availability to watch her children. Lisa has privately urged you to convince her mother to start taking her pain medication, as well as asking you to help explain to Marie how beneficial it is for children to have a grandparent involved in their lives. Marie has recently told you that she thinks Lisa may have taken an unopened bottle of her pain medicine.
Family Treatment Plan
Criteria Ratings Pts
Identify two client needs and two goals. (C6.GP.A)
32 to >27.2 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Identifies two client needs and two goals, and states the goals in a SMART format.
27.2 to >22.4 pts
PROFICIENT
Identifies two client needs and two goals.
22.4 to >0 pts
BASIC
Identifies at least one client need and at least one goal.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not identify at least one client need and at least one goal.
/ 32 pts
Identify two objectives for each treatment goal based on the assessment. (C7.GP.A)
32 to >27.2 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Identifies two objectives for each treatment goal based on the assessment, and applies evidence-based research to inform practice interventions.
27.2 to >22.4 pts
PROFICIENT
Identifies two objectives for each treatment goal based on the assessment.
22.4 to >0 pts
BASIC
Identifies at least one objective for each treatment goal based on the assessment.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not identify at least one objective for each treatment goal based on the assessment.
/ 32 pts
Identify at least two community resources to recommend for the family. (C3.GP.A)
32 to >27.2 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Identifies at least two community resources to recommend for the family, and provides a rationale for the resources and links to the resources.
27.2 to >22.4 pts
PROFICIENT
Identifies at least two community resources to recommend for the family.
22.4 to >0 pts
BASIC
Identifies at least one community resource to recommend for the family.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not identify at least one community resource to recommend for the family.
/ 32 pts
Explain any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals. (C6.GP.B)
32 to >27.2 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Explains any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals, and explains how these areas would be managed.
27.2 to >22.4 pts
PROFICIENT
Explains any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals.
22.4 to >0 pts
BASIC
Identifies any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not identify any foreseen areas of difficulty this family may have in moving forward with the treatment goals.
/ 32 pts
Apply strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions that may arise within this case study. (C1.GP.A)
32 to >27.2 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Applies strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions that may arise within this case study, and explains how to tolerate ambiguity when resolving ethical conflicts.
27.2 to >22.4 pts
PROFICIENT
Applies strategies of ethical reasoning to arrive at principled decisions that may arise within this case study.
22.4 to >0 pts
BASIC
Identifies strategies of ethical reasoning that would support principled decisions that may arise within this case study.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not identify strategies of ethical reasoning that would support principled decisions that may arise within this case study.
/ 32 pts
Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
40 to >34 pts
DISTINGUISHED
Communicates with exceptional clarity in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
34 to >28 pts
PROFICIENT
Communicates in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
28 to >0 pts
BASIC
Communicates in a manner that is scholarly and consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
0 pts
NON_PERFORMANCE
Does not communicate in a manner that is consistent with expectations for members of the social work profession.
/ 40 pts
Total Points: 0

Social workers routinely research and apply theory
to recommend developmentally appropriate interventions and service delivery for
clients.
Late
adulthood
What is a common problem during this time of life?
Based on course materials and your research so far, what is a
developmentally appropriate intervention that could address this problem?
Why is this intervention appropriate for the
developmental period you selected? What theoretical framework could you
use to explain your choice? Justify your response with at least one
scholarly resource supporting your choice of intervention.
* Draft attached*

Complete/detailed literature review to support the study. 
An outline of all major variables, their operationalization/and assumed
relationships. 
The proposed objective(s) hypothesis/hypotheses/assumption(s). 
The research question(s)  

Imagine you are a case manager. You need to identify goals and strategies involved in the prerelease planning stage of the re-entry process for inmates and offenders to help support a plan for successful rehabilitation upon release.
Choose 1 offender from the following populations:
Juvenile with no supports
Elderly with health issues
Female who wants to reintegrate back with her children
Review and conduct research on the following goals related to the re-entry process:
Goal 1: Address housing needs of inmates post-incarceration.
Goal 2: Assist inmates in obtaining employment post-release.
Goal 3: Provide resources for mental health, medical, and substance abuse treatment during and after incarceration.
Goal 4: Connect offenders with appropriate government benefits.
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word re-entry plan with evidence-based strategies to describe strategies for meeting these goals. For each goal:
Describe the goal and how it relates to reducing recidivism.
Identify 2 strategies from each goal, and describe how the associated activity will benefit the offender in the long term. Are there any potential barriers based on gender, age, race, or needs of another special population?
Describe 3 activities or strategies that would contribute to the success of the client to meet the goals and maintain success back in the community.
Cite at least 2 sources as evidence to support your paper.
Format your assignment according to APA guidelines.

The Cowboy (short film) Objective: This assignment counts towards your grade. It is important for us to be able to identify concepts that we learn in our course, in real life. As we learn about social work we learn to see the world through a social work perspective, particularly through micro, mezzo and macro lenses.
This short film is powerful because it portrays the view of someone seeing the US for the first time from their perspective. Little America describes the story of a Nigerian immigrant, who finds a connection with the Cowboy culture in Oklahoma. 1. Watch Short Film: Click play icon in box below to view film
Runs for about 32 min
2. Reflect
Reflect on all the social work concepts, theories and values you have learned up until now. Through our professional training, social workers make a commitment to empower individuals and at the same time improve society while paying special attention between interactions amongst individuals and their surroundings (recall the person-in-environmentapproach). Use introspection to reflect on the type of social work you would like to practice or eventually specialize in: micro, mezzo and/or macro:
Micro practice refers mostly to helping individuals fit better into their environments. Macro practice refers to modifying the environment so that it works better for individuals. In other words, social workers make a commitment through professional training to help people and to improve society, and to give special attention to the interactions between people and between people and their surroundings.
Mezzo Practice refers to work with families and small groups perhaps in a community setting. Many times mezzo practices is not specifically highlighted since it is sometimes subsumed under micro practice. 1. Analyze and Connect
Answer the following by making connections from the film (minimum 500 words for full credit). (total 100 points)
Choose a practice level that interests you: micro, mezzo or macro, define it (in your own words) make sure you bold the practice type you choose. (20 points) Apply: Use Iwegbuna as a case study. How would you use the practice type you chose (above) to support your client? This is a critical question: Make sure you identify the What (micro, mezzo, macro – what support are you offering and at what level) and the how (how are you implementing this support)…(30 points)
Theory: Choose a theory from Module 2 (Strengths perspective, Empowerment, Person-In-Environment Approach, etc…) define theory (bold theory of choice) and define it. (20 points)
Overall flow and structure of reflection. For example, how you connect your professional, educational experience (what you have learned in class) with Iwegbuna’s life story, observation skills, congruence. (10 points) – don’t worry too much about grammar this is not an English class 😉
Overall thoughts about the movie (any recommendations for other documentaries pertaining to social work)? (10 points)
2. Reply

EVERYTHING HAS TO BE ORIGINAL AND NOT EXAMPLES TAKEN FROM “COURS EHERO” PAPERS THAT ARE FROM OTHER OLD STUDENT PAPERS. EVERYTHING INCLUDING EXAMPLES, THOUGHTS AND 
WHOLE ESSAY STYLE, THE WAY THE ESSAY IS WRITTEN AND CITATIONS ALL SHOULD BE ORIGINAL    AND NOT TAKEN FROM OTHER PAPERS AND THEN CHANGED. THIS WAS DONE BY ANOTHER WRITER WHICH WAS REPORTED. 
the following are the assignment instructions: 
This paper is 10 pages in length EXCLUDING the bibliography. Students can choose
any topic they would like related to Eating Disorders except for topics that are
specifically focused on medical issues.
Suggestions for topics include: 
1. Eating disorders and diversity. 
2. Eating disorders and families. 
3. Eating disorders and sexual abuse. 
4. Eating disorders and athletes. 
5. Describe a treatment model (e.g. cognitive behavioural treatment of bulimia,
family therapy, intensive programs, etc.) 
6. How do eating disorders affect a woman’s ability to parent? 
7. The ethical issues associated with compulsory treatment. 
8. Prevention of eating disorders or weight related issues. 
Writing Guidelines: Your paper should be written in 12 point size with margins of 1
inch and double-spaced. Use a minimum of 8 references, using APA citation and
referencing. You may use course articles, as well as other academic materials, as
your references.

Critically analyze the issues that arise from using technology in social work practice and in your role as a leader in a severe substance addiction program
Describe both the positive and negative aspects of technology integration. Focus on those issues that first affect your clients.
Secondly, address issues that affect you in your role (or potential role) as a social work leader. Support your ideas with properly cited references from scholarly sources, which may include your text.
Reading Resources
Reimagining the relationship between social work and information communication technology in the network society
Author: Baker, S., Warburton, J., Hodgkin, S., & Pascal, J.
Journal Title: Australian Social Work
Publication Date: (2014)
Volume: 67
Issue: 4
Start page: 467 End page: 478
A digital environment approach: Four technologies that will disrupt social work practice
Author: Goldkind, L., & Wolf, L.
Journal Title: Social Work
Publication Date: (2015)
Volume: 60
Issue: 1
Start page: 85 End page: 87
Leveraging informal leadership in higher education institutions: A case of diffusion of emerging technologies in a southern context
Author: Ng’ambi, D., & Bozalek, V.
Journal Title: British Journal of Educational Technology
Publication Date: (2013)
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Start page: 940 End page: 950
ocial work in a digital age: Ethical and risk management challenges
Author: Reamer, F. G.
Journal Title: Social Work
Publication Date: (2013)
Volume: 58
Issue: 2
Start page: 163 End page: 172
Examining philosophy of technology using grounded theory methods
Author: Webster, M. D.
Journal Title: Forum: Qualitative Social Research
Publication Date: (2016)
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Start page: 202 End page: 229

Objective: This assignment counts towards your grade. It is important for us to be able to identify concepts that we learn in our course, in real life. As we learn about social work we learn to see the world through a social work perspective, particularly through micro, mezzo and macro lenses.
This short film is powerful because it portrays the view of someone seeing the US for the first time from their perspective. Little America describes the story of a Nigerian immigrant, who finds a connection with the Cowboy culture in Oklahoma. 1. Watch Short Film: Click play icon in box below to view film
Runs for about 32 min
2. Reflect
Reflect on all the social work concepts, theories and values you have learned up until now. Through our professional training, social workers make a commitment to empower individuals and at the same time improve society while paying special attention between interactions amongst individuals and their surroundings (recall the person-in-environmentapproach). Use introspection to reflect on the type of social work you would like to practice or eventually specialize in: micro, mezzo and/or macro:
Micro practice refers mostly to helping individuals fit better into their environments. Macro practice refers to modifying the environment so that it works better for individuals. In other words, social workers make a commitment through professional training to help people and to improve society, and to give special attention to the interactions between people and between people and their surroundings.
Mezzo Practice refers to work with families and small groups perhaps in a community setting. Many times mezzo practices is not specifically highlighted since it is sometimes subsumed under micro practice. 1. Analyze and Connect
Answer the following by making connections from the film (minimum 500 words for full credit). (total 100 points)
Choose a practice level that interests you: micro, mezzo or macro, define it (in your own words) make sure you bold the practice type you choose. (20 points) Apply: Use Iwegbuna as a case study. How would you use the practice type you chose (above) to support your client? This is a critical question: Make sure you identify the What (micro, mezzo, macro – what support are you offering and at what level) and the how (how are you implementing this support)…(30 points)
Theory: Choose a theory from Module 2 (Strengths perspective, Empowerment, Person-In-Environment Approach, etc…) define theory (bold theory of choice) and define it. (20 points)
Overall flow and structure of reflection. For example, how you connect your professional, educational experience (what you have learned in class) with Iwegbuna’s life story, observation skills, congruence. (10 points) – don’t worry too much about grammar this is not an English class 😉
Overall thoughts about the movie (any recommendations for other documentaries pertaining to social work)? (10 points)

In about 300 words, reflecting on the Purdy documentary and respond to prompts. No title page or citation required. https://www.pbs.org/video/kbtc-documentaries-purdy/
1. Identify a specific mother and baby in the documentary. Describe how the program fostered the relationship between the mother and baby, and how the program appeared to affect the inmates.
2. Many adults and minors who have been incarcerated report a significant history of trauma. The context of prison in itself is also traumatizing. What may be going on emotionally for the identified mother and her baby? Do you think there could be “ghosts” or “angels” in the nursery that affect the parent and/or their relationship?
3. The Purdy program for mothers and infants depicted in the documentary os not trauma-informed. Wonder how the program could become more “trauma-informed.” Based on what you have learned, consider what may be helpful for mom and baby, and possibly increase the dyad’s well-being, throughout imprisonment and post-release. Imagine what additional support might help them not only survive but also thrive.

Assignment 4
Write an APA 5-6
page report on the case study “Thomas” available in the course
content. Respond to the questions below in your analysis of this case:
What
stereotypes and myths are perpetuated in this case study?
What issues and
concerns are raised in this case study?
Describe how
you would use motivational interviewing with this client. Where would you
begin? How would you get him to consider change?
How would you
work with this client from an ecological, structural, critical, and Aboriginal
perspective?
What supports
or resources would you refer Thomas to? (This can be very specific to your
community.)
What course of
action would you take to support Thomas in this situation? Give reasons for
your choices.
Note: the
supports and resources will vary from community to community. It is interesting
to note the differences but these can also be opportunities for you to work
towards getting needed resources in your own community.
Thomas
is a 19 year old Cree youth, original from a First Nation near Cochrane,
Ontario. When he was 5, Thomas and his three siblings (two brothers, one
sister) were made wards of the Children’s Aid Society because their alcoholic
parents were neglecting them. Thomas was adopted by a non-Indigenous family who
were evangelical Christians of German descent who had Thomas baptized into
their faith. He was sent to a small Christian school where he was the only
Indigenous student.
When
he was 12, he ran away from home. He was found hitchhiking on the highway by
the police, who returned him to his adoptive parents. At age 13, Thomas began
to drink and use marijuana. He began to steal from his parents in order to buy
drugs and alcohol. Several times he was caught and punished by his parents, but
the punishment did not deter him from continuing to steal and abuse alcohol and
drugs. At age 14, he ran away again and his parents, unable to cope with his
behaviour, did not try to find him. Since that time he has been on his own. He
has not seen his natural parents or his siblings since he was adopted at the
age of 6.
Case Study
At
age 16, Thomas spent six months in a young offender’s unit for stealing food,
cigarettes and money from a convenience store. His social worker helped him to
obtain welfare and, when he was released, find a room in a rooming house. She
also helped him enroll in a special Indigenous program at a large secondary
school in Sudbury. Although he does well when he attends, Thomas missed about
half his classes and has been suspended twice for getting into confrontations
with his male teachers. He has threatened them with physical violence, although
he has never followed through on these threats. His English teacher, with whom
he gets along very well, believes that Thomas is by nature a gentle person who
threatens people only when he himself feels threatened.
Thomas
spends most of his free time drinking and playing pool with some older friends
who are also unemployed. He has a girlfriend, who is also Indigenous and a
street kid. Recently she found out she is pregnant. She and Thomas are
discussing the possibility of getting married since she wants to keep the baby.
Thomas is not sure what he wants to do. He likes the idea of having a family of
his own, but is afraid of the responsibility of a family. As well, he has fears
that he will repeat his own parents’ abuse and neglect. Thomas recognizes that
he has a drinking problem, but seems unwilling to do anything about it.  He tends to believe that his drinking problem
is due to the fact that he is Indigenous.
Thomas
tells his school counsellor that he wants to graduate from secondary school and
become a carpenter, since the classes he enjoys most are the shop classes he
takes. He admits that his attendance is a problem, but he can’t seem to get
motivated to attend school long enough to obtain the credits he needs to
graduate. He also complains that the teachers treat him like a kid, when they
should recognize that he’s been on his own for almost three years now, and they
should treat him more like an adult. Thomas has agreed to see the Indigenous
counsellor who works in the special school program for Indigenous youth in
order to try to get his life together.
References
Duran, E. &
Duran, B. (1995) Native American postcolonial psychology. Albany: UNY Pres.
Hodgson, M.
(1997). Cross-addictions of gambling, alcohol and drugs in Aboriginal
communities. Native Social Work Journal, 1, May. Sudbury: Laurentian University
Press. 25-32.
Leland, J.
(1976). Firewater Myths. New Jersey: Rutgers Centre of Alcohol Studies.
National Native
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program (2015). Retrieved from:
https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/substance-use/canadian-drugs-substances-strategy/funding/national-native-alcohol-drug-abuse-program.html
Prochanska
Report of the
Royal Commission on Aboriginal peoples, Vol. 3. (1996). Ottawa: Canada
Communication Group Publishing.
Rollnick S.,
& Miller, W.R. (1995).  What is
motivational interviewing?  Behavioural
and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 325-334.
Smillie-Adjarkwa,
C. (2009). Aboriginal alcohol addiction in Ontario Canada: A look at the
history and current healing methods that are working in breaking the cycle of
abuse. Indigenous Policy Journal. December 16, 2009. Retrieved from:

Aboriginal Alcohol Addiction in Ontario Canada: A Look at the History and Current Healing Methods That Are Working In Breaking the Cycle of Abuse

Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). What We Have Learned, Principles
of Truth and Reconciliation. Retrieved from:
https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2015/trc/IR4-6-2015-eng.pdf
Truth and
Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. Retrieved from:
https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/british-columbians-our-governments/indigenous-people/aboriginal-peoples-documents/calls_to_action_english2.pdf