Category: Statistics

Instructions:
Data Review:
Begin by reviewing the data you have collected and presented in your contingency table. Ensure that the data is correctly organized and that the totals for each row and column are accurate.
State the Hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis (H₀): State that there is no association between the variables. (e.g., “There is no significant association between gender and preference for sports.”)
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁): State that there is an association between the variables. (e.g., “There is a significant association between gender and preference for sports.”)
Calculate Expected Frequencies:
For each cell in your contingency table, calculate the expected frequency using the formula:
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Record these expected frequencies in a new table.
Compute the Chi-Square Statistic:
Use the formula:
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Where X is the observed frequency, and E is the expected frequency for each cell in your table.
Sum the results for all cells to find the chi-square statistic.
Determine Degrees of Freedom:
Calculate the degrees of freedom for your test:
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Significance Level and Critical Value:
Choose a significance level (commonly Unknown node type: brUnknown node type: brα=0.05).
Using a chi-square distribution table, find the critical value corresponding to your degrees of freedom and significance level.
Decision Rule:
Compare your calculated chi-square statistic to the critical value from the chi-square distribution table.
If your chi-square statistic is greater than the critical value, reject the null hypothesis, indicating that there is a significant association between the variables.
If your chi-square statistic is less than or equal to the critical value, fail to reject the null hypothesis, indicating that there is no significant association between the variables.
Write a Conclusion:
Based on your results, write a conclusion that answers your original research question. Discuss the implications of your findings and any potential limitations of your analysis.
Submission Requirements:
A report containing all the steps outlined above, including your hypotheses, calculations, decision rule, and conclusion.
Attach the original contingency table along with the table of expected frequencies.
Evaluation Criteria:
Accuracy of calculations.
Clarity and logic in the explanation of steps and results.
Completeness of the report, including all necessary statistical components and a thoughtful conclusion.

How well do we know the world we live in? For a moment, imagine that there were only 100 people in the world. This exercise will allow you to understand how our world today is best represented. If the world were only a 100 people what would it look like? Pause for a moment and if possible jot down what comes to your mind as you think of this question. Now watch the video (at least until the first 1:40 seconds) “100 People- A World Portrait Links to an external site.”. Then review the detailed Statistics Links to an external site. of the data (updated in 2016) and read the rationale of how the data was collected Links to an external site.. These are some considerations that one needs to address whenever we intend to learn about global data!
There are two parts to the assignment:
Select “Start Assignment” and use text entry to describe how your impression of the world may (or may not) have changed. What were some of the data (list the topic and clearly mention the statistics) that you were most intrigued about and why (select at least two)? What were your pre-conceived notions on these data/topics? If there is one way you may contribute to better our world as seen through these data, what would you do? What were your thoughts on the data collection methodology? Word count – at least 350 . List the word count at the end.
Visit Mentimeter Links to an external site. to share data on one of the topics you have listed above. Make sure to report the specific statistics you shared above in your submission. Include your initials. Note – Mentimeter limits your submission to a few characters. Be brief.

Throughout the course, you have been exploring various concepts and building your skills in statistical analysis. In this final assessment, you will complete a data analysis report focused on analyzing correlations between a set of assigned variables.
Exploring the associations between some variables in the courseroom using correlations might provide some important information about learner success. You’ll need to pay attention to both magnitude, which is the strength of the association, and directionality, which is the direction (positive or negative) of the association. During this assessment, you’ll start learning about how to best approach correlational analyses like these and start getting some answers. You’ll explore the relationships that may or may not exist in your courseroom data.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Throughout the course, you have been exploring various concepts and building your skills in statistical analysis. This week, you will complete a data analysis report to analyze the correlation between assigned variables.
Exploring the associations between some variables in the courseroom using correlations might provide some important information about learner success. You’ll need to pay attention to both magnitude, which is the strength of the association, and directionality, which is the direction (positive or negative) of the association. During this assignment, you’ll start learning about how to best approach correlational analyses like these and start getting some answers. You’ll explore the relationships that may or may not exist in your courseroom data.
In this assignment, you’ll get a chance to run and interpret an inferential statistics analysis: correlations.
You will complete this assessment using the Data Analysis and Application Template [DOC] Download Data Analysis and Application Template [DOC](also known as the DAA Template).
The grades.jasp file is a sample data set. The data represent a teacher’s recording of student demographics and performance on quizzes and a final exam across three sections of the course. Each section consists of 35 students (N = 105). There are 21 variables in grades.jasp. This assignment is on correlations.
You will analyze the following variables in the grades.jasp data set:
Variables and Definitions
Variable Definition
Quiz 1 Quiz 1: Number of correct answers
GPA Previous grade point average
Total Total number of points earned in class
Final Final exam: Number of correct answers
The Data Analysis and Application Template has five sections:
The Data Analysis Plan.
Testing Assumptions.
Results and Interpretation.
Statistical Conclusions.
Application.
Step 1: The Data Analysis Plan
In Step 1:
Name the four variables used in this analysis and whether they are categorical or continuous.
State a research question, null hypothesis, and alternate hypothesis for one X-Y pair. For example, you could articulate a research question, null hypothesis, and alternate hypothesis for quiz1 (X) and final (Y).
Step 2: Testing Assumptions
Test for one of the assumptions of correlation—normality.
Create a descriptive statistics table to assess normality. This table should include the four variables named above.
Paste the table in the DAA Template.
Interpret the skewness and kurtosis values and how you determined whether the assumption of normality was met or violated.
Step 3: Results and Interpretation
In Step 3:
Paste the output of the intercorrelation matrix for all specified variables:
First, report the lowest magnitude correlation in the intercorrelation matrix, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p-value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Specify whether or not to reject the null hypothesis for this correlation.
Second, report the highest magnitude correlation in the intercorrelation matrix, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p-value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Specify whether or not to reject the null hypothesis for this correlation.
Third, report the correlation between GPA and final, including degrees of freedom, correlation coefficient, p-value, and effect size. Interpret the effect size. Analyze the correlation in terms of the null hypothesis.
Interpret statistical results against the null hypothesis, and state whether it is accepted or rejected.
Step 4: Statistical Conclusions
In Step 4:
Provide a brief summary of your analysis and the conclusions drawn.
Analyze the limitations of the statistical test.
Provide any possible alternate explanations for the findings and potential areas for future exploration.
Step 5: Application
In Step 5:
Analyze how you might use correlations in your field of study.
Name an independent variable and dependent variable that would work for such an analysis and why studying it may be important to the field or practice.
Submit your completed Data Analysis and Application Template as an attached Word document in the assessment area.

You are comparing companies AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile. Choose based on a stats point of view on what company should be the best investment. Also follow all the directions in the links I have added.

PYTHON ASSIGNMENT | AIC COMMISSION | SANCTION FOR USE OF AI GENERATION TEXT – NO CITATIONS | MBAN PROGRAM | DISMISSAL
This is my appeal to a 44% AI infraction that added to another academic infraction brings me to the dismissal from the program.
Refer to the documents uploaded!
I am submitting this appeal in the next 12H, However, I need to make the structure straightforward and clear. I am appealing for new evidence. In order to enhance the structure of the LETTER you must read the outcome as well as have a clear idea about academic integrity, business analytics, and AI Reports.
Please don’t change the contents but only enhance the structure by keeping my words and my way of speaking.
THE FOCUS OF THIS IS TO MAKE IT AS CLEAR, CONCISE, AND PROPERLY STRUCTURED AS PER FEEDBEEKS. IT HAS TO SHOW A STUDENT: I NEED TO STRUCTURE IT IN A WAY THAT SHOWCASES THESE 3 POINTS:
1 FIRST AI CASE FOR ME
2. SHOW COMMITMENT TO LEARNING
3. AI USAGE –> TECHNICAL PART (IT REMAINS AT THE END OF THE APPEAL (TECHNICAL EXPLANATION IN BRIEF)
PLASE Use a sincere and personal tone. Avoid technical terms and overly formal language.
FEEDBACK MADE BY USING CHAT GPT:
Quick Proofreading Guide for the Appeal Letter
Context Understanding:
Familiarize yourself with the outcome letter and the basics of academic integrity related to business analytics and AI.
Key Focus Areas:
First AI Incident:
Clearly state at the beginning that this is your first issue involving AI in your studies.
Commitment to Learning:
Highlight specific actions you’ve taken to understand and ethically use AI.
Specific AI Usage:
Explain that AI was used mainly for text and did not significantly affect the core analytical content (80-90% of the assignment). Mention this at the end but summarize it in the executive summary.
Executive Summary:
Briefly mention the reason for the appeal and the new evidence.
Summarize your first encounter with AI issues, your efforts to learn, and how AI was used.
Technical Explanation:
Keep this part brief and at the end. Clarify that AI was used for text, not for the main analytical content.
Tone:
Use a sincere and personal tone. Avoid technical terms and overly formal language.
Structure:
Ensure each section flows logically. Use clear headers.
Remove any repetitive content.
Conclusion:
Conclude with a statement about learning from the experience and questioning the fairness of the penalty.

master’s degree in Human Resources Management.
I need to do the analysis in spss and present the results. I have attached a draft of my work so far, excel with the data, a file with instructions on what I need to do, and a photo of my model. I need to submit a draft with the results by Saturday and I also need to have an explanation as I will have to present them in 5 minutes.

In this session, we are going through our first statistical test, the Single Sample Z Test (see formula sheet and chart for the Z test attached to the assignment packet).  The class videos, readings, and links, are all designed to help you understand the whole process.  Your homework submissions will also require that your diagram your research study for each problem.  From here on, we will be following this process over and over and over again.  So you will become more comfortable with this process as time goes by.
You will have to answer two questions based on this material.  Question 1 is focused on understanding the effects of sample size on the outcome of the hypothesis test.  Assume a non-directional research question for a two-tail test (see class videos).  Question 2 is based on a real research study.  Watch for the research question to determine if the research question is a directional (one-tail) or non-directional (two-tail) question.

Points will be awarded for correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and coherence/clarity of writing.
Choose a health subject that you want to study for this report. You will need to find the data and
enter it into SPSS. The Centers for Disease Control website (www.cdc.gov) has some data that
might be interesting to you. Once on the site, you can search for “Summary of Notifiable
Infectious Diseases and Conditions” which is published on an annual basis. You may want to
view the data for a particular Health Issue over a period of years, such as by comparing 2011’s
report with 2014’s report.
Here is a link to CDC annual reports.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_nd/index.html
The California Health Information
Survey https://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/Pages/AskCHIS.aspx also has available data for
analysis.
You will need to create an account to access the data set if you haven’t already created
one.
For this report, you will:
• Conduct a Significance Test on that data using SPSS.
• Create a Report using Microsoft Word which will contain the following
four Sections: “Purpose”, “Methods”, “Analysis and Results”, and “Conclusion”.
Purpose
What is the purpose of your report?
• Describe the subject and its importance
• Describe the population or the sample
• Describe what it is you want to show statistically
• Describe the Null Hypothesis and the Alternate Hypothesis
Methods
What statistical tools will you employ?
• Describe what SPSS tools you will use
• Describe why you chose the particular tools
Analysis and Results (30-pts): Describe what SPSS showed and what was the outcome.
• Describe the results of the statistical analysis: Mean, Std. Dev., Standard Error, p-value,
etc.
• Show Tables, Charts, Box Plots, and Graphs, as necessary, to visually show the results
Conclusion : What statement or statements would you make about the subject?
• Did you Fail to Reject Ho or did you Reject Ho?
•Did you find a Significant Difference?
• describe the results as it relates to the chosen subject
• Describe what your Next Steps would be.
Quality of the Report
• The flow of the report
• Coherence and clarity of argument
• Written in 3rd person (no we, I, they, etc.)
• Spelling (use spell check)
• Use of proper grammar
Please make sure to use APA 7th edition format and write 5 pages double-spaced at minimum.
NOTE: DON’T USE CHAT GPT OR PLAGIARIZED CONTENT.

Student’s Name
Student’s ID
Section/CRN
Location
Marking Scheme
Question
Score
Obtained Score
Q-1
2
Q-2
2
Q-3
2
Q-4
2
Note: You are required to fill your full name, ID, and CRN.
Message: Social responsibility is a framework of ethics in which an individual collaborates and works with other organizations and individuals for the betterment of the community. There are numerous ways in which an organization can exhibit social responsibility; for instance, by promoting volunteerism, facilitating donations, employing ethical employment practices, and implementing environmental improvements. It introduces the subjective obligation that entails maintaining a delicate equilibrium between one’s ecosystem and the economy, as well as the potential compromises that may be made between economic progress and societal and environmental wellbeing. This transcends business organizations and affects all individuals whose actions influence the environment.
Solve the following questions using Excel QM. (2×4 = 8 marks)
1.Helping others through blood donation is a form of social solidarity or social responsibility. The blood donors cite a sense of social responsibility as their reason for donating blood, and as a result, the communities value and reward this activity. The following table shows the number of blood donors in a university from 2011–2023. Develop a 3-year moving average forecast and obtain the related statistical measures using excel QM. year
Blood Donors
2011
116
2012
105
2013
146
2014
159
2015
108
2016
194
2017
227
2018
219
2019
234
2020
224
2021
248
2022
253
2023
265
2024
311
Solution:
2.University X has a unique on-campus dispensary that provides medical care. On a typical working day, patients arrive at the dispensary at an average rate of 2 patients per hour. There is one single nurse at the dispensary, and the average time required to give a consultation is 12 minutes.
It is assumed that the service times can be described by the exponential distribution, and the arrival process by a Poisson distribution. You are requested to find:
a.The average time in line,
b.The average number of patients in line,
c.The average time in the system,
d.The average number of patients in the system,
e.The probability that the dispensary is empty,
f.The utilization factor of the system.
Solution:
3.Assume that you are a statistical consultant and want to provide a volunteer consultation to a start-up company as a social responsibility consultation. The company is planning to purchase a uniform outfit for their employees, and they obtained the following quantity discount table with three discount options:
DISCOUNT NUMBER
DISCOUNT QUANTITY
DISCOUNT COST (SAR)
1
0 to 49
100
2
50 to 99
90
3
100 and over
85
Annual demand is 400 outfits, ordering cost is 50, and holding cost is 25% of the cost of the outfit. Use Excel QM to find the discount option with the minimum total cost.
Solution:
4.To help needy people through charity is a form of social responsibility. The act of doing charity to help others is recognized and rewarded by all communities of the society. The following table shows the amount collected through charity and the amount spent on social development (in million dollars) in the last 8 years. Find the correlation and coefficient of determination for the given data and obtain the related statistical measures using excel QM.
Year
Amount collected(y)
Amount spent(x)
1
18
15
2
14
10
3
12
9
4
15
12
5
10
5
6
8
4
7
9
6
8
6
3
Solution:

Please see the attached. 
The research department of an appliance
manufacturing firm has developed a new bimetallic thermal sensor for its
toaster. The new bimetallic thermal sensor can sense the temperature of the
bread and move the lever arm to activate the switch. The research department
claims that the new bimetallic thermal sensor will reduce appliance returns
under the one-year full warranty by 2%-6%. To determine if the claim can be
supported, the testing department selects a group of the toasters manufactured
with the new bimetallic thermal sensor and a group with the old thermal sensor
and subjects them to a normal year’s worth of wear. Out of 250 toasters tested
with the new bimetallic thermal sensor, 8 would have been returned. Seventeen
would have been returned out of the 250 toasters with the old thermal sensor.
As the manager of the appliance manufacturing process, use a statistical
procedure to verify or refute the research department’s claim.